The Eye
What sense accounts for the majority of sensory stimuli?
vision
What are the two chemical senses?
taste and smell
Name the three regions of the ear.
External, middle, and internal ear
What is the sequence of structures light passes through to reach the retina?
cornea → aqueous humor → lens →
vitreous humor → neural layer of retina →
photoreceptors
What nerve sends sensory information to the CNS
CN VIII
Name the three layers of the eyeball wall.
Fibrous, vascular, sensory
What type of receptors are used by the smell and taste systems?
chemoreceptors
What separates the external ear from the middle ear?
tympanic membrane
What is the function of rods and cones?
Rods detect light and dark; cones detect color
Which part of the brain integrates information from the vestibular system for balance?
cerebellum
What part of the eye is responsible for light refraction when light first reaches the eye?
Cornea
What are the three types of tastebuds on your tongue?
Foliate, fungiform, valate
What are the auditory ossicles?
Malleus, incus, stapes
What adaptation occurs when moving from darkness to bright light?
Light adaptation
• Occurs when moving from darkness into bright light
• We see glare
• Pupils constrict
What technique do dancers use to reduce dizziness when spinning
Spotting
What is the purpose of melanocytes within the eye?
produce pigments to prevent light from scattering.
What structure contains the olfactory receptors?
Olfactory epithelium
Where does the stapes bone contact the cochlea
oval window
What type of nervous stimulation causes constriction of the pupil.
parasympathetic
What is the primary role of the maculae in the vestibule?
Detect static equilibrium
What are the names of the six extrinsic eye muscles?
(Answer: Superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique)
What are the 5 sensations of taste and what molecule/ions cause them?
1.Sweet: elicited by sugars alcohols, etc
2. Sour: produced by acids
3. Salt: produced by metal ions; table salt
4. Bitter: produced by alkaloids such as nicotine, caffeine,
morphine
5. Umami-aspartate-glutamate
what is the pathway of sound?
External Acoustic Meatus →
• Tympanic membrane →
• Auditory ossicles →
• Oval Window →
• Scala vestibule →
• Round window →
• Two pathways:
• Helicotrema path
• Basilar membrane path
Why can we only focus on a small point in our vision?
density of receptors in macula lutea(fovea)
What is the role of the semicircular canals, describe how their structure provides this function?
Detect dynamic equilibrium