Tongue Anatomy
Where do you taste bitter?
What kind of tastes are associated with type 1 and type 3 taste receptors?
Type 1: Salty
Type 3: Sour
How many transmembrane alpha-helices does a GPCR have?
7
What part of the brain is responsible for taste?
gustatory cortex
How many taste cells are there per taste bud?
50-100
What are the tiny projections on the taste hairs?
Microvilli
Salt dissociates into two separate ions. What are the ions?
metal+ nonmetal
The ability for all cells to produce, receive, and respond to external signals/conditions
biosignaling
Where do all cranial nerves conduct impulses to?
medulla oblongata
What binds to a receptor?
ligand
What replaces burnt or damaged taste cells?
Basal epithelial cells
What compounds stimulate type 3 receptors?
acids
GPCR have an extracellular _____ terminal and an intracellular ______ terminal
N and C
On the fibers of what nerve do the sensory impulses from taste receptor cells in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue travel on?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Deficiency in what two nutrients results in an increase of bitter taste?
Vitamin B12 and Zinc
Aside from taste cells, what type of cells do taste buds also contain?
epithelial supporting cells
The quality of a type 1 sensation depends on the _____.
type of positively charged ion
What is the name of the two sodium ion channels and type 2 receptors?
TRPM4 and TRPM5
On the fibers of what nerve do the sensory impulses from taste receptor cells in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue travel on?
facial nerve
What molecules in antifreeze and some lead compounds can trigger sweet receptors?
Name all the places where taste buds are found in the body
roof of the mouth, surface of tongue, linings of cheek, walls of pharynx
The intensity of the sensation in type 3 receptors is proportional to the concentration of...
hydrogen ions
Where are IP3 receptors located and what does it do?
Located in endoplasmic reticulum and stimulate calcium release into the cell
Where is the gustatory cortex of the cerebrum located?
Name the three alkaloids we learned about that can trigger bitter receptors.
Strychnine, Nicotine, Morphine