Vocab
How new species form (2 names)
Darwin's Definition of Speciation, Modern Concept of Speciation
Reproductive isolation due to fixation of different advantageous alleles
Mutation-Order speciation
Bird families found to have the highest rates of speciation
Owls & nightjars (Stringinae & Caprimulgidae)
The two main types of speciation covered in the article
Ecological and Mutation-Order
Isolation that happens after fertilization and zygote formation
Postzygotic Isolation
Speciation between populations that are geographically separated
Allopatric speciation
Which way does the transition rate go when it comes to color morphism?
Polymorphism to monomorphism
Is gene flow helpful or harmful to speciation?
Mutation-order is difficult with gene flow, ecological can happen but is easier without gene flow (overall harmful)
1) Identifying traits under selection and traits associated with isolation; 2) identifying the genes
Top-Down Approach
speciation where diverging populations are not geographically isolated
Sympatric speciation
What is the impact of sexual selection on polymorphism?
Unclear!
Which type of speciation is harder to detect?
Mutation-Order
Discrete, genetically determined forms within an interbreeding population
Polymorphism
Speciation that occurs when diverging populations have distributions that abut one another
Parapatric speciation
Which family of birds were found to have the longest phylogenetic branch length?
Pheasants (Phasianidae)
Evidence for Ecological Speciation
Answers include: top-down studies, parallel speciation, premating reproductive isolation, reduced fitness in other environments, genomic scans
Traits that cause reproductive isolation evolves more often between different populations in different environments than in different populations in similar environments
Parallel speciation
Speciation where a small part of the population becomes isolated at the edges
Peripatric speciation
What group had the opposite trend for speciation rate?
Pheasants
Evidence for Mutation-Order Speciation
Answers include: Intragenomic conflict, meiotic drive, sexual conflict