Deaf/Hard of Hearing
This type of hearing loss was found in most newborns due to a known genetic condition.
Sensorineural hearing loss
Population studies estimate this nonprogressive motor disorder of early brain development occurs in ~1 to 4 per 1,000 children, with higher rates in preterm or at low birth weight infants.
Cerebral Palsy
What are the main characteristics of ASD that can be diagnosed from early childhood?
Challenges with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
This term refers to the complex combination of factors (such as poverty, family separation, parental substance abuse, or direct abuse) that can impact a child’s development, behavior, and communication, and may not always be visible on the surface.
The etiology of trauma, abuse, and neglect in
children.
This term describes the ability to understand language, which may be affected in children with limited access to auditory input.
Receptive language
This 5-level framework rates how effectively a person sends and receives messages across partners and settings from age 2+.
Communication Function Classification System (CFCS)
This speech characteristic, common in children diagnosed with autism, involves repeating certain words or phrases immediately or after a delay.
Echolalia
Between 33% and 65% of children under 5 who experience trauma, abuse, or neglect show delays in this key developmental area, which includes expressive, receptive, and pragmatic skills.
Language and communication development.
The degree of hearing loss ranges from 41-55 dB and makes speech difficult to understand even in quiet situations.
Moderate hearing loss
Name the two screening tools that, together, cover feeding safety/efficiency for 18-36 months and early social-communication for 6-24 months.
Mini-EDACS and CSBS-DP
This ASD-specific screener, used at 18 and 24 months, involves a parent questionnaire followed by a structured interview.
M-CHAT-R/F
This intervention approach emphasizes trust, safety, co-regulation, and empowering children by recognizing their strengths and minimizing retraumatization, and is often used with children who have experienced abuse or neglect.
Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)
This form of caregiver documentation allows for tracking of lexical progress in children birth to three years old.
Diary of Early Language (Di-EL)
Among movement types, this one accounts for ~92% and is subdivided into hemiplegia (~59%), diplegia(~10%), and quadriplegia/tetraplegia(~31%)
Spastic cerebral palsy
This early intervention approach uses parent involvement, play, and everyday routines to teach toddlers with autism language and social skills.
Early Start Denver Model
This trauma-informed care framework guides clinicians through four key principles—realization, recognition, response, and resistance—to ensure sensitive and effective assessment and intervention for children affected by trauma.
What is TVIC (Trauma and Violence Informed Care)
The sooner a child with severe to profound hearing loss receives this device, the better their chances of developing strong language abilities and reaching typical developmental milestones.
Cochlear implant
For preschoolers with dysarthria and reduced intelligibility, this intervention class emphasizes repetitive, structured practice with feedback to improve control, strength, coordination, and precision.
Motor speech interventions
This sensory processing difference may lead to feeding issues that are addressed in therapy.
Hypersensitivity
This dual-risk cycle describes how early childhood trauma from abuse or neglect can lead to neurodevelopmental and communication difficulties—such as impaired expressive and receptive language—and how children with existing developmental delays are, in turn, at higher risk of experiencing trauma.
The bidirectional relationship between trauma
and developmental delays.