The Speech Chain
Production, transmission, and perception
What are the three main steps in the speech chain?
Languages change through time.
What happens to languages over time?
The oral expression of language involves sound production.
What is speech?
Gestures and facial expressions.
Two ways humans communicate non-verbally, include?
A method of encoding text characters into sequences of dots and dashes.
What is Morse code?
The brain sends motor commands to the muscles controlling speech.
In speech production, where do motor commands for speech come from?
The combination of finite sounds and words creates infinite messages.
What feature of language allows for infinite messages with a finite number of words?
Yes, parrots can mimic human speech without understanding language.
Can speech exist without language? Give an example.
The sending and receiving of information, ideas, feelings, and messages.
What is the definition of communication?
Sign Language.
What form of communication uses hand shapes and movements?
Sound waves carry the speaker’s message through the air to the listener.
What happens during the transmission stage of the speech chain?
False, all languages are equally complex.
True or False: There are primitive languages.
A system of abstract symbols and rule-governed structures learned for communication.
What is language?
The use of physical space to communicate social relationships
What is proxemics?
Braille is a tactile writing system that allows them to read by touch.
How does Braille help those with visual impairments?
The listener’s brain converts sound waves into electrical signals and processes them as meaningful speech.
How does the listener’s brain process sound waves in speech perception?
Grammar contains rules for similar structures and words across languages.
How does grammar help in understanding language universals?
Phonology, morphology, and syntax.
What are the three components of language form?
Using clothing, jewelry, or hairstyles to communicate identity or preferences.
What is an example of communication using objectics?
Music
What form of communication uses sound and rhythm to express emotions?
By repeating or clarifying the message to correct the disruption.
How can a communication breakdown in the speech chain be resolved?
There is no inherent connection between words and their meanings; it’s socially agreed upon.
What does it mean to say language is arbitrary?
Respiration, phonation, and articulation.
What are the three components of speech production?
They use pictures or symbols to help convey messages.
How do communication boards help those with speech disorders?
Dance uses rhythmic movement to express emotions and tell stories
What is the role of dance in communication?