Auditory System
Measurement of Audition
Eval of Speech Perception
Disability and Speech Perception
Perception of Consonants
100
Collective term for outer, middle, and inner ears and the auditory nerve pathway
What is the auditory system?
100
__________ results when something interferes with the transmission of sound to the inner ear. Ex. excess cerumen
What is conductive hearing loss?
100
a measure of neuroelectric potentials that occur within about 10msec after auditory stimulation; mostly done on small children and infants.
What is auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing
100
a disorder in which children show a significant problem with language despite having normal hearing, normal nonverbal intelligence, and no known neurological problems
What is specific language impairment?
100
similar to diphthongs, the ______ /r/ and /l/ are recognized on the basis of their formant transitions. These formant transitions are much more rapid than those in diphthongs
What is liquids?
200
Transduces the mechanical vibrations of the middle ear to fluid vibrations and to electrical energy using the organ of Corti
What is the function of inner ear?
200
Conditions that affect the structures of hair cells and neural fibers of the inner ear and auditory nerve.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
200
the level a person can hear and understand speech
What is supra threshold recognition ability?
200
a difficulty processing rapid acoustic signals
What is a temporal processing problem?
200
the ______ /j/ and /w/ are characterized by transitions that are shorter in duration than those of diphthongs
What is glides?
300
Functions of the middle ear
What are overcoming the impedance mismatch between the middle and inner ears, attenuating loud sounds by means of the acoustic reflex, and maintaining equal air pressures inside and outside the middle ear via the Eustachian tube?
300
A measure of how easily a system can be set into vibration by a driving force. (identifies middle ear problems)
What is immittance audiometry?
300
testing that produces extremely low-intensity sounds that originate in the cochlea as the outer hair cells process incoming sound; these sounds are transmitted din the opposite direction to the external ear canal where they are measured.
What is otoacoustic emissions testing?
300
disorder in which a person's reading ability is significantly lower than what would be predicted on the basis of age and intellectual ability.
What is developmental dyslexia?
300
_____ are recognized on the basis of their internal formant structure; they are weak in intensity because of antiresonance occurring within the vocal tract; they have an extra formant
What are nasals?
400
Characteristics of hearing-impaired listeners (what they have problems with or excel with)
What are discriminating between vowels well and having difficulty with identifying consonants, particularly fricatives?
400
generates a graph called a tympanogram
What is tympanometry?
400
an electronic device designed to directly stimulate the auditory nerve by bypassing the damaged cochlea
What is a cochlear implant?
400
a perceptual boundary between two sounds on an acoustic continuum; related to categorical perception
What is crossover?
400
____ are perceived on the basis of numerous acoustic cues that are intertwined with the acoustic cues for the vowels and consonants surrounding the phoneme; ex. /p/ and /b/
What are stops?
500
Articulators move continuously during the production of speech, the shape of the vocal tract is influenced by the shapes for the sounds that occur before and after the target sound resulting in shifting acoustic features which influence one another.
What is coarticulation?
500
a plot of changes in middle ear admittance as air pressure is systematically varied in the external ear canal
What makes up a tympanogram?
500
the most common cause of conductive hearing loss; most prevalent among young children
What is otitis media?
500
instrument that converts visual patterns into sounds; works in reverse to a spectrograph
What is pattern playback?
500
sounds tend to be heard as ____ when the noise is around 130 msec or greater; rise time is important in recognizing these versus affricates
What are fricatives?
M
e
n
u