Phonological Processes
A child produces "weg" for "leg", what phonological process is this?
A. fronting
B. gliding
C. Stopping
D. depalatalization
B. gliding
Amanda is 7 years old with CAS. She is frustrated in school because it is difficult to understand her, you estimate she is approx. 60% intelligible.
When conducting therapy with her, it will be important to remember to
A. use multimodal cueing and tasks that move up in a hierarchal manner
B. focus primarily on phonological awareness and auditory discrimination skills
C. teach her ASL to supplement her speech
D. focus most of intervention on listening skills
A. use multimodal cueing and tasks that move up in a hierarchal manner
The articulation therapy approach that emphasizes the phoneme as the basic unit of speech production is:
A. McDonald's sensorimotor approach
B. Van Riper's traditional approach
C. the maximal contrast approach
D. the metaphon approach
B. Van Riper's traditional approach
Of the following sounds, which is likely to be produced last by children acquiring North American English?
A. s
B. n
C. d
D. t
E. s
A. s
Of the following sounds, which is a glide:
A. r
B. k
C. w
D. l
E. m
C. w
A child produces "share" for "chair", what phonological process is this?
A. fronting
B. gliding
C. deaffrication
D. depalatalization
C. deaffrication
Amanda is 7 years old with CAS. She is frustrated in school because it is difficult to understand her, you estimate she is approx. 60% intelligible.
When you are listening to amanda speak, you notice the presence of intermittent hypernasality that is somewhat unpredictable. There is also nasal emission on some consonants. These phenmoena occur because
A. Amanda probably has a shortened velum because of CAS.
B. Amanda's velum is weak and you will need to conduct oral motor exercises to strengthen it.
C. Amanda has impaired motor programming of the velum resulting in incompetent velar movement.
D. Amanda may have a partial submucous cleft.
C. Amanda has impaired motor programming of the velum resulting in incompetent velar movement.
A. auditory discrimination
B. stimulability
C. production of a phoneme in isolation
D. minimal pair contrasts
C. production of a phoneme in isolation
The phonological process of fronting would affect a child's pronunciation of which of the following words?
A. Cat
B. Dome
C. Fly
D. Bee
E. Way
A. Cat
Of the following processes, which is most likely to disappear earliest in children's speech?
A. liquid gliding
B. depalatalization
C. final consonant deletion
D. final consonant devoicing
E. none of the above
C. final consonant deletion
A child produces "god" for "dog", what phonological process is this?
A. epenthesis
B. metathesis
C. deaffrication
D. depalatalization
B. metathesis
Lynne is 6 years old with dysarthria secondary to CP. You can expect that
a. Labiodental fricatives will be hardest
b. stops, glides, and nasals will be easier to produce than fricatives, affricates, and liquids
c. she will not show voicing errors when she produces sounds
d. there is a strong possibility that her intelligibility will be impacted by hoarseness
b. stops, glides, and nasals will be easier to produce than fricatives, affricates, and liquids
The idea of phoneme collapse is consistent with which approach to tx?
A. minimal pairs
B. cycles approach
C. multiple oppositions
D. maximal pairs
C. multiple oppositions
Of the following words, which is most likely to undergo weak syllable deletion?
A. alive
b. better
c. silly
d. mother
e. doctor
A. alive
alive is the only word with a strong-weak pattern
For a speaker with velopharyngeal incompetence, which of the following sounds would be most difficult to produce normally?
a. m
b. s
c. d
d. l
e. j
b. s
Suzie comes to your clinic and is 5 years old. Suzie presents with the following phonological processes: assimilation, final consonant deletion, and deaffrication. Is Suzie developing appropriately for her age?
A. Yes, these processes are typical for a 5-year old.
B. No, these processes are rare and should be eliminated by age 2.
C. No, these processes are eliminated by age 3-4.
D. Yes, these processes are eliminated by age 7.
C. No, these processes are eliminated by age 3-4.
Of the following conditions, which is not a characteristic of children with childhood apraxia of speech?
a. weakness of the oral musculature
b. severely unintelligible speech
c. inconsistent speech patterns
d. vowel distortions
e. prosodic variations
a. weakness of the oral musculature
Phonological awareness tasks purportedly make use of which of the following cognitive skills?
a. speech perception
b. reasoning skills
c. memory
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following is the highest level of complexity of the following list?
a. conversational speech
b. sentences
c. phrases
d. words
e. syllables
a. conversational speech
A. /pop/ for poke
B. /mi/ for mean
C. /kok/ for poke
D. /in/ for mean
E. /ki/ for ski
A. /pop/ for poke
Amanda just came back from vacation with her family. She tells you she built a "thand castle". Amanda has just manifested which type of articulation error?
A. Distortion
B. Addition
C. Deletion
D. Substitution
D. Substitution
_______ is characterized by inconsistent errors; where in contrast, ______ is characterized by consistent errors.
A. apraxia, dysarthria
B. dysarthria, apraxia
C. cerebral palsy, cleft palate
D. ASD, cleft palate
E. none of the above
A. apraxia, dysarthria
Of the following tx programs, a which includes auditory bombardment at the beginning of each tx session?
A. Hodson-Paden Therapy for Unintelligible Children
B. Programmed Conditioning for Articulation
C. McDonald Sensory-Motor Program
D. Motoric Automatization of Articulatory Performance
E. Multiple Oppositions
A. Hodson-Paden Therapy for Unintelligible Children
This is another name for the Cycles approach!
Of the following statements regarding African American English, which is true?
a. it typically does not have the voiceless th in word-final position
b. it typically does not have the voiceless th in word-initial position
c. it does not have "ch" in word-final position
d. all of the above
a. it typically does not have the voiceless th in word-final position
A child's phonetic inventory does not contain any initial voiceless stops. The clinician chooses to target initial voicing in therapy. This is an example of which of the following approaches to goal selection?
A. Segment approach
B. phonological process approach
c. contrast approach
d. a motor approach
e. none of the above
B. phonological process approach
beacuse you are targeting an entire class of errors