Spinal Functions
spinal column,
neural elements, and
supporting structures
The common name for the C1 vertebra.
Atlas
Facet joints are also known by this technical name.
zygapophyseal joints
This ligament prevents cervical flexion and is found in the neck region.
ligamentum nuchae
The two main groups of paraspinal muscles.
transversospinalis group and the erector spinae group
The spine protects this vital structure that runs through the vertebral canal.
spinal cord
The common name for the C2 vertebra.
Axis
This type of synovial joint describes the facet joints.
What are gliding joints?
The ligamentum nuchae is actually a thickened portion of this ligament.
supraspinous ligament
The three muscles in the transversospinalis group, from deep to superficial.
rotatores, multifidi, and semispinalis capitis
These structures, including muscles and ligaments, make up the third major component of the spine.
supporting structures
This artery passes through the cervical vertebrae.
vertebral artery
The three movements allowed by facet joints.
flexion, extension, and twisting (rotation)
This ligament runs from the axis to the sacrum and prevents extension while reinforcing the front of the annulus fibrosus.
anterior longitudinal ligament
The three muscles of the erector spinae group, from medial to lateral.
spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis
These two movements of the spine are shown with disc flexion and extension.
bending forward (flexion) and
bending backward (extension)
The five regions of the spine include cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and this final region.
coccyx (or pelvic girdle)
One pair of facets faces upward (superior articular facet) and one faces this direction.
downward (or inferior)
This yellow ligament runs from the axis to the sacrum and prevents flexion.
ligamentum flavum
This muscle is nicknamed "The Hip Hiker" and fixes rib 12 during respiration.
quadratus lumborum