Cervical Spine anatomy
Cervical Spine PE
SIJ/ Lumbar spine anatomy
SIJ/Lumbar Spine PE
Misc Spine
Non-Medicine
100
Which bone is this?
What is the C1 Atlas?
100
Which dynatome covers digit 3? And which reflex would you check?
C7, Triceps
Dynatomes:
100
What level does the cauda equina typically start?
What is ~L1-3?
100
This test involves raising the leg straight while the patient is supine and is highly sensitive for detecting lumbar disc herniation. Demonstrate the most specific and sensitive location (degrees) of this.
What is the what is 30-50 degrees.
100
Complete the song title from the 2014 Lego Movie, 'Everything is...'?
What is Awesome
200
In the sagittal plane what curve does the cervical spine have?
What is Lordosis?
200
Which nerve(s) are tested with the biceps reflex? And be able elicit the reflex
C5 and C6
200
This term describes the forward displacement of one vertebra over another, often seen in the lumbar spine.
What is spondylolisthesis?
200
This reflex test, when diminished or absent, can indicate impingement of the L4 nerve root. Be able to elicit it on exam.
What is the patellar reflex test?
200
What video game console has the highest number of video game console sales of all time?
What is Playstation 2
300
This joint in the cervical spine accounts for 50% of flexion and extension.
What is the Occiput-C1 joint?
300
What nerve(s) are tested with the pronator reflex?
C6, C7
300
This structure is the central core of the intervertebral disc, composed of a gel-like substance.
What is the nucleus pulposus?
300
A 40-year-old with low back pain radiating to the foot has positive SLR and reduced great toe extension. Name a proximal muscle to test for weakness.
Gluteus medius muscle.
300
Name the front leg of the scotty dog:
Inferior articular facet
300
What character was Walt Disney's favorite
What is Goofy
400
This joint accounts for 50° (OF 100°) OF CERVICAL ROTATION, and 10° (OF 110°) OF FLEXION/EXTENSION
What is the C1-2 joint? AA
400
Name this test: 
Spurling's
400
This nerve root, when compressed, can cause weakness in the ankle dorsiflexors and decreased sensation in the first web space.
What is the L5 nerve root?
400
This high sensitivity, low specificity exam can screen for facetogenic pain. Demonstrate it.
What is the extension/rotation test or facet loading test? Specificity 12%, Sensitivity 100%***
400
Name the neck of the scotty dog:
Pars interarticularis
400
Based on the number of people who play it, what is the most popular sport in the world?
What is Soccer
500
These medial branches innervate the C3-4 facet joint.
what are the C3 and C4 medial branches?
500
Name this sign for cervical radiculopathy: 
Bakody's sign
•SENSITIVITY 36-50%
•SPECIFICITY 80-100%*
•KAPPA: 0.21-0.40
500
What nerve exits out of the L3-4 foramen?
L3 nerve
500
This sign, characterized by pain relief when the patient bends forward, suggests lumbar spinal stenosis.
What is the shopping cart sign?
Sensitivity 44-84%, Specificity 58-83%
500
True or false: Spurlings is more sensitive with cervical lateral rotation, sidebending and forward flexion.
FALSE.
SPURLING’S WITHOUT NECK EXTENSION
•SENSITIVITY 50% (POOR)
•SPECIFICITY 93% (HIGH)
SPURLING’S WITH NECK EXTENSION
•SENSITIVITY 93% (HIGH)
•SPECIFICITY 95% (HIGH)
500
Which bad guy was introduced in Super Mario Brothers 2?
What is Shy Guy
600
What nerve exits out of the C5-6 foramen?
C6
600
What is the difference between radicular pain and radiculopathy?
RADICULAR PAIN: PAIN FROM NERVE ROOTS
RADICULOPATHY: NERVE DYSFUNCTION (OBJECTIVE FINDINGS) +/- RADICULAR PAIN.
600
What medial branches innervate the L3-4 facet joint?
The L2 and L3 medial branches
600
Name a functional motor exam for S1
Heel raises.
Great screen exam, but not a definitive evaluation for gastroc/soleus weakness.
Sensitivity and specificity not reported.
Absence of achilles reflex has a LR of 7.1
600
If your pt has C1-2 dysfunction, why will they agree to any test or procedure you recommend?
They can't shake their head no (lateral rotation)
IF YOUR PATIENT CAN SAY YES (HEAD NODDING) BUT CAN'T SAY NO (SHAKING HEAD), THINK C1-2.
600
What’s the main character in a story called?
Protagonist
700
Which interlaminar space is the contrast in?
C7-T1 - note the up-slanting T1 traverse processes.
700
What test is used for C1-2 evaluation? And demonstrate it.
Cervical flexion and rotation test
700
Identify #1:
What is the lamina
700
This functional motor exam can evaluate for L2-4 radiculopathies
Single leg squat
700
Name 4 physical exam tests for upper motor pathology
700
What was Nintendos first try at an arcade game?
What is Donkey Kong
800
Name this foramen:
C5-6
C2-3 is the first/most cephalad foramen
800
Which cervical levels or nerves are most at risk for radiculopathy?
C6/7, C7 nerve - 50% of cases
C5/6, C6 nerve - 25% of cases
800
The SI joint is classified as this type of joint anteriorly and this type posteriorly.
what is a diarthrodial synovial joint anteriorly and a syndesmosis posteriorly?
synovial portion extending anteriorly and inferiorly, and reinforced posteriorly and superiorly by syndesmotic ligaments.
800
The long dorsal sacroiliac ligament can be palpated in this location, which is often tender in cases of SI joint dysfunction.
What is just medial to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)?
AKA What is the Fortin finger sign
800
Name 3 PE tests for suspected cervical facet pain
•POSITIVE TESTS = MODERATE MOTION DYSFUNCTION, FAMILIAR PAIN >3/10
CERVICAL EXTENSION ROTATION TEST
•KAPPA 0.72-0.88 INTRARATER, 0.92-0.93 INTERRATER
MANUAL SPINAL EXAM
•KAPPA 0.62-0.88 INTRARATER, 0.79-0.96 INTERRATER
PARASPINAL TENDERNESS
•KAPPA 0.51-0.84 INTRARATER, 0.74-0.84 INTERRATER
800
How many presidents has the United States had (up to 2025)?
47
900
Through which of the cervical vertebra does the vertebral artery travel through the transverse foramen?
C1-6.
While C7 has a transverse foramen, the majority of people have the vertebral artery enter at C6.
900
Which muscle is most likely to be involved in a C6 radiculopathy?
Pronator teres. Involved in 80% of C6 radiculopathy cases.
2X MORE COMMON THAN WRIST EXTENSION WEAKNESS
ONLY PRESENT IN 10% OF C7 RADICULOPATHY
900
The lumbar nerve roots exit below the corresponding vertebrae, but this zone between the superior articular process and the vertebral body is the most common site for compression.
What is the lateral recess?
900
Name 4/7 characteristics for lumbar z- joint pain
PARASPINAL PAIN
NO CENTRALIZATION (MIDLINE PAIN) WITH REPEATED MOVEMENT 100% SENSITIVITY, 14% SPECIFICITY
AGE >50
EXTENSION ROTATION 100% SENSITIVITY, 12-22% SPECIFICITY
PAIN BEST WHEN WALKING
OR PAIN BEST WHEN SITTING
MSPQ >13 – SUGGESTING SOMATIZATION DISORDER
IF >4/7 THEN 100% SENSITIVE, 87% SPECIFIC
900
What is the radiographic criteria for cervical canal stensosis?
Normal diameter is 17mm, <13mm indicates possible cord compression.
900
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen
1000
Which cervical vertebrae have a transverse foramen?
C1-7
1000
What is the most sensitive and specific reflex in the upper extremities for upper motor neuron disease in the cervical spine?
Trömner's reflex test is more sensitive and specific than Hoffman's.
1000
This specific orientation of lumbar facet joints in the sagittal plane allows for flexion and extension but limits rotation.
What is a posteromedial orientation?
1000
Name and demonstrate 4/7 of the SIJ provacative tests
Sacral thrust, Thigh thrust, Gaenslen's, FABER, Compression, Distraction, Fortin finger sign
THIGH THRUST
DISTRACTION
FABER
COMPRESSION
GAENSLEN’S
1000
If there is a paracentral disc herniation at L4/5, what nerve root is most likely affected?
Traversing/descending L5 nerve root.
1000
How many months of the year have 31 days?
what is 7