Nerves
Innervates the eyes, scalp, base of skull, neck muscles, and diaphragm.
C1-C4
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
What muscles exclusively function to extend the spine?
The erector spinae
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
What is the most severe effect of spinal cord injury?
Paralysis
Innervates the neck muscles, shoulders, elbows, arms, wrists, hands, fingers, esophagus, heart, lungs, chest
C5-C7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
What are the three groups of the erector spinae?
longissimus group, iliocostalis group, spinalis group
Cervical fractures MOI
Axial loading- a blow to the top of the athlete's head while in flexion
Cervical sprain (whiplash) MOI
most common cause is when the head snaps back suddenly
Innervates the arms, esophagus, heart, lungs, chest, larynx, and trachea
T1-T4
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
These muscles sit between vertebrae
intercostals
Cervical Dislocations MOI
violent flexion and rotation of the head
Herniated disc MOI
can be caused by forward bending and twisting that causes extra stress on the spine
Innervates the uterus, colon, and buttocks
T12
What is the bottom-most bone of the spine (a.k.a. the tailbone)?
coccyx
What muscle of the neck and cervical spine provides neck and cervical flexion?
the sternocleidomastoid
Acute Muscle Strains of the Neck and Upper Back MOI
sudden forced flexion, extension, or rotation of the neck
Sciatica MOI
abnormal stretching and pressure that inflames the sciatic nerve
Innervates the reproductive organs, prostate gland, bladder, legs, ankles, feet, and toes
sacral
Why are they called "false ribs?"
Because their cartilages do not reach the sternum directly.
The longissimus, iliocostalis, and spinalis groups can be divided into what three sections?
cervicis, thoracis, lumborum
Acute torticollis MOI
Blunt Trauma to the Head or Sleeping in an Awkward Position
Pinched Nerve MOI
Caused by a stretching or compression of the brachial plexus of nerves (i.e. when the neck is forced laterally to the opposite side while the shoulder is depressed)