Fundamentals of Communication Sciences and Disorders
The process of sharing information between two or more persons
What is Communication?
The knowledge and implicit awareness that speakers of a language possess and utilize to communicate effectively in that language
What is communicative competence?
Where is the location of damage to the hearing structures?
Outer, middle and inner ear
Also known as a speech delay, an impairment of an individual's sound system resulting in significant problems with speech sound production
What is a Speech sound disorder(SSD)?
Name the types of Cleft lip and Cleft Palate
Microform CL, Incomplete CL, and Complete CL
Incomplete CP, Complete CP, and Submucous CP
3 are essential of communication, Used for the formulation, transmission, reception, and comprehension of information using spoken channels
What are the three foundational concepts for communicative competence?
Joint reference and attention, Rituals of infancy, and Caregiver responsiveness
Define Conductive and Sensorineural hearing loss
Conductive- Damage to the outer and middle ear. Malformation of the outer and middle ear, underdeveloped or missing ossicles, wax buildup, Ear infection(otitis media)
sensorineural- Damage to the inner ear(cochlea) and/or auditory nerve. Can be congenital, birth process, maternal health during pregnancy, child’s health at birth, hereditary factors, disease
What is Articulation and phonological disorder?
Articulation- in ability to articulate certain speech sounds correctly
Phonological- One has difficulty organizing speech
The inability to seal off the nasal cavity. It is when the soft palate does not close tightly against the back of the throat, leading to air coming out the nose during speech
What is velopharyngeal insufficiency?
Describes the manner in which information conveyed via communication is transmitted and received
What is modailty?
What are the three components that make a "true” word?
Word uttered with clear intention and purpose, Have recognizable pronunciation, One that a child uses consistently and in contexts beyond the original context
What is an auditory processing disorder?
Problem is deciphering a message as opposed to hearing it
What are the 4 types of articulation errors and examples of each?
Omission- Leaves out a sound
Substitution- changes one sound to a different sound
Distortions- close to making the sound but distorted (lisp)
Additions- adding a sound that doesn’t belong in the word
What are motor speech disorders?
It is an impairment of speech production caused by defects of the neuromuscular system, the motor control system, or both
What are the 7 communication functions?
Instrumental(to ask), Regulatory(to give direction), Interactional(interact with others), Personal(express how you feel), Heuristic(find out information and to inquire), Imaginative(to tell stories and roleplay), Information(provide a description of and event of object)
What is receptive language and expressive language?
Expressive- the ability to produce a spoken message that others will understand
What are the defining characteristics of an auditory processing disorder?
Difficulty interpreting and processing auditory information, even though hearing acuity is intact. Behaves as if a hearing loss is present although it is not. Shows problems following complex, multi-step directions. Exhibits difficulties with reading and spelling performance
What are phonological processes?
It occurs when the child continues to have difficulty organizing sounds within syllables and words
What are the four systems of speech production?
Respiratory, Phonatory, Resonatory, Articulatory
What is speech and the three anatomical systems involved?
Neuromuscular process that allows humans to express language as a vocal product. Systems involved: Respiration, Phonation, Articulation
What are the four linguistic aspects of communication?
Phonological Competence, Grammatical Competence, Lexical Competence, Discourse Competence
How is hearing loss defined in regards to severity?
Severity of hearing loss ranges from mild to profound. Hearing loss is also classified according to its severity, using the decibel(dB) system
What are the types of typical and atypical phonological processes?
Typical- Pre-vocalic voicing, Final consonant devoicing, Final consonant deletion, Velar Fronting, Palatal Fronting,Weak syllable deletion, Consonant cluster reduction, Gliding of Liquid, Stopping
Atypical- Initial Consonant Deletion, Medical Consonant deletion, Backing, Vowel errors
What is the Difference of AOS and CAS
AOS- It is an impairment of motor programming and planning that involves an inability to transform a linguistic representation into the appropriate coordinated movements
CAS- The child is able to understand the language and how the word sounds but is unable to say them due to the complex movement when speaking.