Unit 1- Kinesiology Reveiw
Unit 2- Bleeding & Shock
Unit 3- Bones & Soft Tissue
Unit 4- Foot, Ankle, Lower Leg
Miscellaneous
100
Give an example of proximal and distal.
The shoulder is proximal compared to the elbow.
The fingers are distal compared to the biceps.
100
What are the 4 components of blood?
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
100
What 2 kinds of fractures are most common in children?
Greenstick and Epiphyseal Plate fractures
100
What arch is this?
Medial Longitudinal
100
Why did we talk about the deltoid ligament? Why is it important to know?
It is the most commonly injured ligament on the medial aspect of the foot
200
What kind of joint is freely movable in all directions except for rotation? Give an example.
Condyloid/Ellipsoidal, wrist
200
How do arteries and veins end up connecting?
Through capillary beds. The arteries branch off into arterioles. The veins branch off into venules. The arterioles and venules meet at a capillary bed to exchange blood.
200
What are the 3 parts of a long bone and where do you find them?
Epiphysis- end of long bone
Diaphysis- shaft of long bone
Medullary Canal- center of shaft of long bone
200
What happens when the foot slides backward on a slippery surface, which causes forceful hyperextenion?
Turf Toe/Great Toe Sprain
200
What's the difference between a sprain and strain?
Sprain is a ligament tear
Strain is a tear of the soft tissue
300
Give an example of each of the 3 synarthroses.
Sutures- skull
Syndesmoses- fibula and tibia
Gomphosis- tooth in socket
300
Find the target heart rate range for a 37 year old.
92-156 bpm
300
What are the body's responses to injury (name 2)?
Inflammation, blood vessel dilation, capillaries become more permeable, WBC's migrate to the tissue
300
What are the two main joints we talked about and where are they found?
Talocrural- between tibia, fibula, and talus
Subtalar- found between talus and calcaneus
300
What two injuries of the lower leg present with similar symptoms?
Shin Splints and Stress Fractures
400
What's the difference between the types of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis- affects weight bearing joints, degenerative disease
Rheumatoid arthritis- affects small joints, connective tissue disorder
400
Name and explain 3 of the 8 types of shock.
Hemorrhagic- blood loss, Respiratory- lungs unable to supply O2 to blood, Neurogenic- loss of vascular control, Cardiogenic- inadequate functioning of heart, Metabolic- loss of bodily fluids, Anaphylactic- severe allergic reaction, Septic- life threating reaction to severe infection, Psychogenic- response to fear/stress that causes fainting
400
Describe the agonist, antagonist, and synergist.
Agonist- prime mover
Antagonist- muscle group opposing the agonist
Synergist- muscles that help stabilize the agonist
400
What's bone(s) are in both the transverse arch and the lateral longitudinal arch?
5th metatarsal, cuboid
400
Describe the 3 types of bleeding
1)Arterial- spurting bright red blood 2)Venous- steady flow of blueish/dark red blood 3)Capillary- slow and oozing, blood clotting occurs quickly
500
What are amphiarthroses connected by? Give an example.
fibrocartilage, pubic symphysis
OR
hyaline cartilage, ribs connecting to sternum
500
Explain how blood flows through the heart
1. enters right atrium through superior vena cava
2. goes through the tricuspid valve to get to the right ventricle
3. leaves right ventricle and is sent to the lungs to pick up oxygen
4. comes back to the heart through the pulmonary vein and enter the left atrium
5. goes through bicuspid valve to get to the left ventricles
6. exits the heart via the aorta to be sent to rest of the body
500
What are the 4 types of muscles and an example of where you can find each?
Skeletal- biceps
Smooth- stomach lining
Cardiac- heart
Sphincter- opening between esophagus and stomach
500
What do tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior do?
Tibialis Posterior- plantar flexes the foot
Tibialis Anterior- dorsally flexes the foot
500
What are the 3 types of neurons and what do they do?
Efferent/Motor Neurons- carry signals from brain/spinal cord to muscles
Afferent/Sensory Neurons- carry signals from periphery to central nervous system
Interneurons- carry signals from sensory to motor neurons