Ways to classify sports injuries
What is a direct injury? (give an example)
An injury sustained at the site of external force e.g.) hit by a ball, bat, person)
What is a soft tissue injury?
Soft tissue include all muscles, ligaments, tendons, skin, organs etc. Everything except bone and teeth.
What are the two types of hard tissue injuries?
Fractures, dislocations
What does DRSABCD stand for?
Danger, Response, Send for Help, Airways, Breathing, Compressions, Defibrillator
What is an indirect injury? (give an example)
An injury sustained from an internal force e.g.) pulled hamstring, sprained ankle. Internal forces are often generated by muscles, but includes forces transferred from the outside e.g.) fall onto your arm, but injury your shoulder.
What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?
A strain is a tear that occurs in a muscle. Often it is referred to as a “pulled” muscle.
A sprain is a tear that occurs to a ligament (joining bone to bone around joints).
What are the 3 classifications of a fracture?
Closed - fracture remains inside the body and does not pierce the skin
Open - fracture is a break that does pierce the skin so that bone can be seen.
Complicated - fractures are where the bone causes further damage to major nerves, organs or blood vessels
What does STOP stand for?
Stop, Talk, Observe, Prevent Further Injury
What is an example of a hard tissue injury?
Fracture, dislocation
What are two different types of skin injuries?
Contusion, abrasion, blister, laceration
What are the 3 types of fractures?
Complete - fracture breaks clean through the bone, so that there are now two (2) parts.
Comminuted - fractures result in more than two (2) parts to the bone.
Incomplete - fracture or greenstick fracture does not break the whole way through the bone
What does TOTAPS stand for?
Talk, Observe, Touch, Active and Passive Movement, Skills Test
What is an example of a soft tissue injury?
tears, sprains, contusions, skin abrasions, lacerations, blisters, inflammatory response
How do we manage a soft tissue injury?
RICER (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate, Referral)
What causes a dislocation?
A dislocation is often caused by excessive force and can be either a direct or indirect injury. Joints that frequently dislocate are those found in the fingers, and ball and socket joints, such as the shoulder or hip.
What is the order the assessment of injury occurs?
DRSABCD --> STOP --> TOTAPS
How do overuse injuries occur?
Overuse injuries begin as small injuries, often due to poor technique or constant repetition of particular movements, and develop into larger injuries because the athlete does not allow enough time to repair/recover from the smaller injury before it is re-injured. The small injuries produce scar tissue because the body does not have enough time to reproduce the actual body tissue.
What are the 3 phases of inflammatory response? (What happens in each stage?)
Acute inflammation - During the acute inflammatory stage, inflammation is fast and painful. The inflammatory response during this phase involves the vasodilation of blood vessels, and the transfer of fluid into the surrounding tissue.
Repair inflammation - During the repair phase of the inflammatory response, the body begins to fix the damaged or injured site.
Remodelling inflammation - The remodelling phase of the inflammatory response continues to rebuild the injured area. More scar tissue is produced during this phase of the inflammatory response, but also new functional body tissue is developed and strengthened.
What are signs and symptoms of a dislocation?
An athlete dives towards the ground in an attempt to score a try in a game of touch football. The athlete hears a loud crack and remains on the ground, clutching the injured shoulder.
Explain the assessment procedures that should be used to determine the nature and extent of this injury.
DRSABCD --> STOP --> TOTAPS