Exercise Physiology Concepts
What is VO2 max?
The maximum amount of oxygen the body can use during intense exercise.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in athletic performance?
To provide a quick and easily accessible source of energy.
What is the role of electrolytes during exercise?
They help maintain fluid balance and muscle function.
What is the primary macronutrient for strength athletes?
Protein, to support muscle growth and repair.
Which system is responsible for transporting oxygen during exercise?
The cardiovascular system.
Why is protein important for athletes?
It helps with muscle repair and growth after exercise.
What is the recommended fluid intake for athletes during exercise?
7-10 ounces every 10-20 minutes during exercise.
How much protein should endurance athletes consume post-exercise?
10-20 grams to enhance muscle repair and recovery.
What is the role of mitochondria in muscle cells during exercise?
Mitochondria produce energy (ATP) through aerobic respiration.
When is the best time to consume carbohydrates for endurance athletes?
3-4 hours before exercise and during long-duration events.
What is heat acclimatization?
The body’s ability to adapt to heat over time, improving sweat rate and reducing core temperature.
What is the best pre-exercise meal for a strength athlete?
A meal rich in protein and moderate in carbs, consumed 2-3 hours before exercise.
How does aerobic exercise improve cardiovascular health?
It increases heart efficiency, stroke volume, and capillary density.
What is the role of fats in endurance sports?
Fats provide sustained energy for long-duration, low to moderate intensity exercise.
How does dehydration affect exercise performance?
It can impair endurance, strength, and cognitive function.
Why do endurance athletes require higher carbohydrate intake?
To maintain glycogen stores for sustained energy during long-duration exercise.
Explain the difference between anaerobic and aerobic energy systems.
Anaerobic uses energy without oxygen, while aerobic uses oxygen to generate ATP.
How does nutrient timing impact muscle recovery?
Proper timing, like consuming protein after exercise, aids muscle repair and reduces soreness.
Why is sodium important for hydration during prolonged exercise?
Sodium helps retain water and maintain blood volume, preventing dehydration.
How do creatine supplements benefit power athletes?
They increase short-term energy production for explosive movements like sprints and lifts.