Chapter 6
In what ways can energy be obtained?
From stored nutrients or breakdown of food through the digestive system
what foods are mostly rapidly digested and absorbed?
foods high in carbohydrates, followed by protein and fat
how much water makes up the human body?
About 50 to 70% of the human body is made up of water.
what are some common nutritional mistakes?
Focusing on weight alone, eating infrequently, excessive energy restriction, or failing to maintain adequate hydration status.
what is carbohydrate loading?
this increases glycogen stores
what is the maximum carbohydrate absorption?
1.2 to 1.7 g/min
What part of our body senses body temperature?
how long can ultra endurance last for?
Up to 4 hours or more
What is the amount of carbohydrates that can be stored in the liver and muscles?
Approximately 90 g can be stored in the liver and 150 g can be accumulated in the muscles
How can triglycerides be broken down to make ATP?
They can be broken down to make ATP through beta oxidation.
What is an abnormally low concentration of blood sodium?
less than 135 mol/L
how does fatigue occur?
From depletion of muscle glycogen and reduced blood glucose concentrations.
what type of metabolism requires oxygen and is used for longer than 3 minutes activities?
aerobic metabolism
what is carbohydrate loading?
An assumption that eating more carbohydrates helps
muscles store more carbohydrates in the form of
glycogen
What factors can cause dehydration?
Exercising at very high intensities for a long time, exercising in very hot or humid environments, and exercising in heavy clothing or with heavy equipment.
what are the protein needs of someone who has a fueling sport or does resistance training?
1.5-2.0 g/kg body weight per day
What is creatine kinase?
This term refers to the enzyme that facilitates the breakdown of PC into creatine and Pi.
proteins
What fluids should we drink during prolonged exercise?
Drink fluids with sodium and potassium.
what can happen if their is an inadequate caloric intake?
Decreased athletic performance, muscle wasting
depressed immune function, fatigue, and injury.