Football
This official is the Crew Chief and is visually identified on the field by wearing a solid white hat.
Who is the Referee?
This is the standard physical hand signal given by a base umpire to indicate an "Out".
What is raising the right arm up into a hammer / clenched fist?
This member of the referee crew holds sole authority for blowing the whistle, stopping/starting play, and issuing yellow or red cards.
Who is the Center Referee (Main Referee)?
These are the total outer dimensions of a standard high school football field, including both end zones.
What is 120 yards long by 53⅓ yards wide?
This official positions behind the defensive line to watch interior line play (holding, false starts) and spot the ball.
Who is the Umpire?
In Fastpitch Softball, if a base runner leaves their base before the pitch is released, this is the correct ruling and mechanic.
What is an immediate dead ball and the runner is out?
This restart is awarded when a defending player commits a Direct Free Kick (DFK) foul inside their own penalty area.
What is a Penalty Kick?
This is the distance from the back point of home plate to the front of the pitching rubber in Fastpitch Softball.
What is 43 feet?
To establish a legal offensive formation at the snap, this is the minimum number of players required on the line of scrimmage.
What is 7 players?
When an umpire calls an "Illegal Pitch" in Fastpitch Softball, this is the penalty awarded to the batter and the status of the ball.
What is a delayed dead ball and a ball awarded to the batter?
This specific foul type occurs when a player high-kicks near an opponent's head without contact or plays dangerously while on the ground.
What is Dangerous Play (resulting in an Indirect Free Kick)?
In soccer, the penalty mark is positioned at this exact distance from the center of the goal line.
What is 12 yards?
Winning the pre-game coin toss and choosing to "defer" gives a team this specific privilege.
Winning the pre-game coin toss and choosing to "defer" gives a team this specific privilege.
To signal a "Fair Ball" on a close drive down the outfield line, the umpire must do this (and explicitly refrain from doing this).
What is point into fair territory with the arm closest to the field, without making any verbal call.
This crew member manages substitute changes using a display board and stands between the team benches.
Who is the Fourth Official?
High school football hash marks across the field are spaced this distance apart.
What is 53 feet, 4 inches?
This severe safety foul, involving head-first contact, carries a 15-yard personal foul penalty AND mandatory disqualification/ejection.
What is Targeting / Spearing?
This softball-specific rule requires runners to immediately advance or return to a base once the pitcher has control of the ball in the 16-foot circle.
What is the Look-Back Rule?
In soccer when is the ball considered to be "out of bounds"
What is when the entire ball is over the end or sideline whether that be on the ground or in the air.
These are the regulation base path distances for Fastpitch Softball and High School/JV Baseball, respectively.
What is 60 feet for Softball and 90 feet for baseball?