Energy and exercise effects
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic uses oxygen to convert glucose.
Anaerobic does not use oxygen to convert glucose and produces lactic acid.
What is Newton's Second Law
‘An object will accelerate when acted upon by an external force. The acceleration of the object is proportional to this force and is in the direction by which the force acts’
Health is defined as:
'The state of being free from injury or illness'
What are the 4 skill-related fitness components?
Agility, coordination, balance, reaction time
What is EPOC?
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption.
Deep breathing after exercise to pay back what was needed at the start of the exercise (oxygen debt) and remove lactic acid.
Give a sporting example of Newton's Third Law
Any sporting example that explains for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What are the three areas that make up well-being?
Physical well-being
Mental well-being
Social well-being
Describe the Illinois Agility test, and discuss what it measures.
A combination of speed and coordination. Athletes are to run as fast as you can whilst changing direction by running around cones in a pre-determined pattern.
Agility is the ability to change direction with speed.
Name two influencing factors for quicker recovery.
Stronger muscles
Genetic factors
Age
Gender
Sleep
Discuss one of the three forces that will act on a netball during a game
Air Resistance
Gravity
Muscular force
Explain the benefits of each of the three major nutrients that humans use for fuels:
Carbohydrates - provide the main fuel source for physical activity
Fats - supply a high concentrated fuel source and can be stored in the body for later
Protein - important for growth and repair
Why is it important to have protocols in testing?
Tests must be performed correctly so that results are accurate and valid.
What are some of the identified short term responses to exercise?
Heart rate increase
Breathing rate and depth increase
Heat control and reddening of the skin
Sweating
Fatigue
Nausea
Light headedness
Describe why a third class lever will produce speed. Use a sporting example.
The effort is between the fulcrum and resistance. It provides speed because the resistance will move a further distance in the same amount of time. An example is batting in baseball.
Describe a positive energy balance:
Positive energy balance results in eventual weight gain. It is when you are eating more energy than you are burning.
Why are the five reasons we perform fitness testing?
To assess someones:
strengths and weaknesses, monitor improvement, compare to others, designing training programs, motivation
What are some of the identified long term responses to exercise?
Physiological changes - muscle size, body fat, speed and stamina
Increased heart size
Lactic Acid tolerance
Explain how the foot has all three different types of levers.
First class (EAR) pointing the toe with foot off the ground (calf, ankle, foot/toe)
Second class (ERA) standing on tiptoes (Calf, body weight, ball of foot)
Third class (AER) Lifting the foot (ankle, tibialis anterior, weight of foot)
What is legally required on a food label in Australia?
Ingredients, kilojoules, protein, fats, carbohydrates, sugars and sodium
What is VO2 max? And how would we test it?
The maximum volume that you can consume while exercising at your maximum capacity.
Testing is expensive and requires sophisticated machinery. However you can estimate your VO2 max from your Multi-Stage fitness test or 12 minute Cooper run.