Forces
Energy and exercise effects
Circulatory
Levers
Mystery
100
Explain Newton's 1st Law
An object at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force
100
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic uses oxygen to convert glucose.
Anaerobic does not use oxygen to convert glucose and produces lactic acid.
100
Name the four chambers found in the heart
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
100
Where is the resistance located in a 2nd class lever?
In the middle of the effort and fulcrum
100
What are the 4 components of blood?
Platelets
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Plasma
200
Explain an example of a ground reaction force in sport
Students explain an example where force is exerted on the ground and due to Newtons 3rd law an equal force is exerted back on a body in response to the force applied to it
200
What is EPOC?
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption.
Deep breathing after exercise to pay back what was needed at the start of the exercise (oxygen debt) and remove lactic acid.
200
Define stroke volume and cardiac output
Stroke volume = amount of blood pumped in a single beat
cardiac output = the amount of blood expelled from the heart in a minute
200
What type of lever is the knee (right) in this photo
3rd class
quadricep muscles (effort) are inserted in between the fulcrum and resistance.
200
What would be the predominate type of energy respiration in the first minute of a marathon?
Anaerobic respiration
Oxygen delivery has not had time to be delivered to the working muscles
300
Discuss one of the three forces that will act on a netball during a game
Air Resistance
Gravity
Muscular force
300
Name two influencing factors for quicker recovery.
Stronger muscles
Genetic factors
Age
Gender
Sleep
300
Will the pulmonary vein contain oxygenated or deoxygenated blood, explain why
Oxygenated blood
Oxygen diffused in the alveoli is carried to left atrium via the pulmonary vein
300
Explain an example of each lever in the body
Any correct examples of each lever within the body within the body
300
It is recommended to exercise at 55% - 85% of your maximum HR.
How would you work out 75% of an 18 year old's max HR.
(220 - 18) x 0.75 = 151.5
or
(220 - 18)/ 100 x 75 = 151.5
400
Give a sporting example of Newton's Third Law
Any sporting example that explains for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
400
Name 4 of the identified short term responses to exercise?
Heart rate increase
Breathing rate and depth increase
Heat control and reddening of the skin
Sweating
Fatigue
Nausea
Light headedness
400
Define hemoglobin and explain it role in the body.
Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body. It plays a crucial role in oxygen delivery, carrying oxygen from the lungs to cells and returning carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhalation.
400
Describe why a third class lever will produce speed. Use a sporting example.
The effort is between the fulcrum and resistance. It provides speed because the resistance will move a further distance in the same amount of time. An example is batting in baseball.
400
Explain the process of thermoregulation (heat control)
Warm blood is transported to superficial blood vessels, these blood vessels dilate in response to excess heat, heat is then expelled to the surface in sweat (fluid) through pores in the skin. This fluid is cooled by the air
500
F = ma
what is the formula for acceleration if force or mass is unknown?
Acceleration = Final velocity - initial velocity/ time
500
Name 3 of the identified long term responses to exercise?
Physiological changes - muscle size, body fat, speed and stamina
Increased heart size
Lactic Acid tolerance
500
Explain the path of oxygen through the circulatory system and identify key structures that oxygen must travel through
Oxygen is diffused through the alveoli and binds the hemoglobin found in red blood cells oxygen then travels through capillaries > pulmonary vein > left atrium > left ventricle > aorta > artery > arteriole > capillary to the cell. Is diffused in the cell, waste or excess oxygen is diffused out of the cell into capillary > venule > vein > vena cava > right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary artery > capillary > then diffused into the alveoli and exhaled out.
500
Explain how a first class lever can be manipulated to produce a speed or force advantage?
A first-class lever can be adjusted for a force advantage by positioning the fulcrum closer to the load, increasing effort arm. Conversely, shifting the fulcrum nearer to the effort increases the speed advantage, by increasing the resistance arm, allowing faster movements with a greater range of motion.
500
Which of the four cardiac chambers would be considered the strongest and why?
Left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps blood through out the entire circulatory system, the left ventricle must over come the pressure within the blood vessels in order to circulate blood.