Forces
Forces are measured in...
Newtons
Define the term 'fulcrum'
The pivot point around which a lever is pivoted on
Define the difference between distance and displacement
Distance is the length of a path followed between two points (A to B), whereas displacement is the shortest path possible between each (as a crow flies)
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects projectile motion?
Technique of release
List the 5 functions of the skeletal system
Protection
Support
Movement
Production of red blood cells
Storage of minerals
Define non-contact forces. In your answer, give an example of one non-contact force
Forces that occur even if objects are not touching each other. Can include gravity, magnetism etc.
A wheelbarrow is a type of ______ class lever
Second, as the force/load/resistance is in between the effort and fulcrum
Distance is to displacement as speed is to ________
Define the term 'projectile'
Anything that is airborne, and once airborne the only forces acting upon it are gravity and air
The muscles located between the shoulders and elbow are the...
Biceps and Triceps
Describe the difference between normal force and friction force
Normal force is always applied perpendicular to a surface, whereas friction force is applied parallel.
A fishing rod is an example of a ______ class lever
Third
Speed and velocity are idenitcal under what circumstances?
When there is no change in direction and/or we are not concerned about direction
Define the term 'optimum angle'
The angle that results in the greatest range
What are the three different types of muscle found within our body?
What are the three different types of muscle found within our body?
Explain how rolling force can be appled in a sport of your choice
Answers can include sports where a ball/object may be required to roll along a surface, and may slow down or maintain speed depending on the desired outcome. Golf, bowling, lawn bowls, croquet etc. are all examples
Describe the lever system that an elbow utilizes within the human body. In your answer, include the class of lever, and where the various elements of a lever are located
The elbow is a 3rd class lever. The fulcrum is the elbow and is the outermost part of the lever. The effort is applied through the attachment of the bicep tendon at the top of the forearm, just past the elbow. The resistance/load is the remainder of the arm and whatever the hand is holding.
During a 800m swimming race, what are the distance and displacement that an olympic pool swimmer will swim?
Distance = 800m; Displacement=0m
What are the four variable objectives that are aimed towards when looking to maximise projectile motion across various sports?
Horizantal displacement, peak height, maximum time in air, minimum time in air
The joint of the shoulder is a _______________ joint
Ball and Socket (synovial)
Define colinear force. In your answer, explain how an understanding of colinear force can assist with winning a game of tug-of-war
Colinear forces have the same line of action. They are a summation (addition) of forces applied in a direction, that are trying to outdo a force in an opposite direction. In tug-of-war, the greater addition of colinear forces in a certain direction will result in a winning performance in that direction.
Explain what the effort and resistance arms are. Explain what advantages we see when we lengthen each of them.
The Effort Arm is the perpendicular distance from the effort force’s line of action to the fulcrum, whereas the Resistance Arm is the perpendicular distance from the resistance force’s line of action to the fulcrum. When the Effort Arm is longer, the lever has a greater effect applied by its force, whereas when the Resistance Arm is longer, we increase the speed at the end of the lever.
Explain one way a quarterback could consider the biomechanical principles we have studied on projectile motion to improve the performance of their throw?
- looking to ensure they achieve the greatest range
- launch the football at the optimum angle of release
- consider the relativeheight of release, speed of release and angle of release when throwing
- increase the velocity of the throw as much as possible whilst maintaining technique
Name the bones located between the shoulder and the fingertips in proximal to distal order
Humerus, Radius/ulna (either order), carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges