The Skeleton
What are the four types of bones?
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
The two types of muscles in the body are? Give an example of each.
Voluntary - bicep brachii
Involuntary - diaphragm
What are the three different types of joints?
Fibrous (immovable)
Cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
Synovial (freely moveable)
Breathing in and out is also known as?
Inhalation and Exhalation
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What are the four main functions of the skeleton?
It gives the human body shape and support.
It allows the body to create movement.
It produces blood.
It protects vital organs, such as the brain, heart and lungs.
The fibres that are best suited to anaerobic exercise are?
Fast twitch fibres
Name the two types of synovial joints
Ball and socket
Hinge
Breathing occurs due to?
Pressure gradients - which occur by making more space and decreasing pressure OR reducing space and increasing pressure.
Molecules will move from high pressure to low pressure areas.
Plasma
Platelets
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Four bones that make up the arm are:
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Name four muscles (or groups) that form the leg?
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis Anterior
The structure that surrounds the joint
Holds the bones together
Made up of an outer fibrous membrane and inner synovial membrane
Tidal volume
Breathing rate
Minute ventilation
IRV and ERV
What are the two blood flow circuits within the body?
Pulmonary
Systemic
Bones are held together by?
Ligaments
Muscles work in pairs - name the two names for the muscle that is the prime mover and the muscle that works to relaxes to assist the prime mover.
Agonist and Antagonist
A more mobile joint (such as the ball and socket) results in what?
Less stability
More wear and tear
More susceptible to injury
When oxygen is moved from the lungs to the capillaries and carbon dioxide is moved from the capillaries into the lungs to be removed into the atmosphere on exhalation.
What changes occur when exercising in the Circulatory System?
Increased Heart Rate
Increased Stroke Volume
Increased Cardiac Output
Why is the femur hollow?
It allows for bone marrow and blood production
If it was solid it would be very heavy to move around
Name the type of muscular contraction that allows for the shortening and lengthening of the muscle?
What is referred to as the shortening phase?
What is referred to as the lengthening phase?
Isotonic contractions
Concentric
Eccentric
Name two of the 'pairs' of movements at joints
Flexion and Extension
Adduction and Abduction
Rotation and Circumduction
Plantar flexion and Dorsi flexion
Nasal cavity - Trachea - Primary bronchi - Secondary bronchi - Tertiary bronchi - alveoli - capillaries - venules - veins - Heart (LA, LV) - arteries, arterioles, capillaries - muscle cell.
Describe the blood flow from the Right Atrium
Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Arteries/Arterioles/Capillaries - Lungs - Pulmonary Capillaries/Venules/Veins - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Arteries/Arterioles/Capillaries - Cells - Capillaries/Venules/Veins - Right Atrium