Respiration
What is the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
to serve as an acceptor for electrons and protons, forming water
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
to produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide
This term refers to the production of ATP without oxygen present.
Anaerobic
T/F: Glycolysis is an anaerobic process and does not need oxygen present to perform.
True
During which stage of cellular respiration is ATP synthesized via oxidative phosphorylation
Electron Transport Chain
Summarize a redox reaction that occurs in photosynthesis?
CO2 is reduced to form glucose
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
Sugar --> ATP + Lactic Acid
ATP that is made by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is made by what process?
substrate-level phosphorylation
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
Pyruvate Oxidation & Citric Acid Cycle
The process that forms the electrochemical gradient during photosynthesis is the
pumping of H+ into the thylakoid lumen
Why is lactate fermentation required in the absence of oxygen?
to produce NAD+ allowing glycolysis to continue
In Lactic Acid Fermentation, _____ is converted directly into lactate to regenerate ____ that will be used to rerun glycolysis.
pyruvate; NAD+
A muscle cell may switch from respiration to fermentation if
Oxygen levels are low
During photosynthesis, a chloroplast is said to fix carbon because
The Calvin cycle removes CO2 from the air and uses the carbon to build carbohydrates
Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for the buildup of which molecule?
Lactate
What color does Chlorophyll predominantly absorb in the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing for efficient photosynthesis, while reflecting this color, which gives plants their characteristic appearance?
Absorbs blue and red light
Reflects green
Proteins involved in this stage of cellular respiration are embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane
Electron Transport Chain
The outcomes of the light reaction photosynthesis include all of the following (Building carbohydrates, Generating the NADPH and ATP for the Calvin cycle, Splitting water to release Oxygen, and Transforming light energy into chemical energy) except:
Building carbohydrates
List five foods made using lactic acid fermentation
Cheese, Yogurt, Buttermilk, Soy Sauce, Sauerkraut
All the following processes occur in the mitochondria except: Beta oxidation, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis.
Glycolysis