Graphs and Figures/Scientific Method
Define hypothesis.
a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
What process uses DNA as a template to produce RNA, which act as a copy of instructions?
Transcription
What are chromosomes that are similar in size and structure and are made up of the same sequence of genes?
Homologous Pair
Transcribe this DNA Sequence into RNA:
AAT GCG TAC CGT ATC GTA
UUA CGC AUG GCA UAG CAU
Pistol Pete replaces one nucleotide in a DNA sequence, but there is no change in the protein or organism. What type of mutation is this?
Silent Mutation
Anna measures the amount of precipitation every day for a year and compares how many inches her plants grew that year. What type of study is Anna conducting?
Observational Study
What process is mRNA is used to build proteins (info in RNA is translated into a different kind of molecule)
Translation
What is a diploid cell?
Contains two sets of chromosomes
DNA to RNA
TAC CGA CGT CCG TGA GGT
AUG GCU GCA GGC ACU CCA
What type of mutation changes one nucleotide?
Missence
I want to know if the amount of Boba Tea I drink per week correlates to how happy I am that week. What would be the independent variable?
The amount of Boba Tea I drink per week
What type of RNA makes up the ribosome? What kind of RNA is created in transcription and used in translation?
rRNA; mRNA
Through what process do zygotes grow and develop?
Mitosis
Name 3 physical characteristics of DNA
phosphate group, sugar group, double stranded, nitrogenous base
What do mutations create?
Genetic variation
I want to design an experiment that compares students test scores and the average amount of sleep they get per week. What are three variables I would need to control (standardized variables).
Study time, how many lectures were attended, how much exercise students do, etc.
What is the key enzyme that recognizes and binds to special promoter regions and starts unwinding DNA? (Translation)
RNA Polymerase
What process creates gametes?
Meiosis
Translate this Sequence of RNA into amino acids (pull up amino acid chart):
CGU AUG ACG UUU GCA AGC
Arg (doesn't count)
Start (Met), Thr, Phe, Ala, Ser
Pistol Pete changes a nucleotide sequence and now the amino acid sequence is much shorter than it should be. What mutation most likely occured?
Nonsense mutation
Walk through the scientific method in as much detail as you can.
make observation, ask question, consult prior knowledge, formulate hypothesis, make predictions, design experiment, collect and interpret data, consult prior knowledge, draw conclusions, peer review, and publish
Pistol Pete discovers a new species that does not have a ribosome present in its cells. What step of transcription or translation can this organism not complete?
It cannot complete translation, specifically it can not build amino acid sequences.
Why is it important that meiosis produces haploid cells and not diploid cells?
So an embryo can have a copy of DNA from the mother and the father to create a unique organism.
If a fragment of DNA is composed of 20% Adenine (A) bases, what percent of this DNA fragment would be composed of Guanine (G)?
G=30%
What do mutations create different versions of?
Alleles, alternative versions of the same gene