Plant Systems
What do roots of a plant do? (#50)
Absorb water and minerals, store extra food, anchor the plant
Photosynthesis converts ________ energy into __________ energy (#57)
light energy into chemical energy
Describe the four trophic levels. (#67-69)
Producers: produce their own food
Primary consumers: consume producers
Secondary consumers: consume primary consumers
Tertiary consumers: consume secondary consumers
What is a pioneer species? (#85)
The first organisms to colonize an area after a natural disaster. First step of succession.
What is the difference between abiotic and biotic factors? Give some examples of each. (#72)
Abiotic: non-living (ex: rocks, sunlight, water)
Biotic: living (ex: plants, animals, bacteria)
What is the difference between xylem and phloem? (#45-47)
Xylem: carries water, in one direction (up)
Phloem: carries food, in both directions
What is the equation for photosynthesis? (#59)
carbon dioxide + water + light energy --> glucose + oxygen
What do herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and detritivores eat? (#74-77)
Herbivores: eat plants
Omnivores: eat plants and animals
Carnivores: eat animals
Detritivores: eat dead material
What is a climax community? (#86)
The end goal of succession. Ecosystem in balance with lots of biodiversity
What kinds of processes or events add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere? (#61-62)
Cellular respiration, burning fossil fuels, decomposition, forest fires
What do stomata and guard cells do? (#48-49)
Stomata: open and close for gas exchange
Guard cells: control the stomata
What is the equation for cellular respiration? (#60)
glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
What is the 10% Energy Rule? (#83)
10% of the energy is transferred to each trophic level
What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? (#84)
Primary: no soil left behind, pioneer species are moss/lichen
Secondary: some soil left behind, reaches climax community faster
Where do animals get most of their nitrogen? (#70)
From eating other animals or eating plants that got the nitrogen from bacteria
What is the difference between phototropism and gravitropism? (#51-53)
Phototropism: Plants grow toward a light source
Gravitropism: Plants grow upwards (roots grow towards gravity)
What kinds of cells do cellular respiration? What kinds of cells do photosynthesis? (#55-56)
Cellular respiration: ALL cells
Photosynthesis: only plant cells
Which part of the food web has the most energy and matter? (#71f)
The bottom of the food web (producers)
What are the steps of primary succession? (#87)
Natural disaster --> no soil left --> pioneer species (moss or lichen) --> break down rock into soil --> small plants --> larger plants --> animals --> climax community
What is symbiosis or symbiotic relationships? (#63-66)
Interactions between organisms (ex: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, predation, competition)
What systems are similar between plants and animals? (#54)
Circulatory (xylem/phloem), Respiratory (stomata), Reproductive (pollen, fruit)
What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis? (#58)
The products of one become the reactants of the other (opposites)
Predict what would happen to the rest of the food web if one organism went extinct (#71c)
Increase (predators wiped out) or decrease (food source wiped out)
Compare the flow of matter and the flow of energy through an ecosystem. Which one(s) can be recycled? (#82)
Matter can be recycled, energy cannot be recycled through an ecosystem
What are some limiting factors in an ecosystem? (HINT: what factors can impact populations of organisms?) (#89)
Predators, competition for resources, habitat availability, disease, natural disasters