classical conditioning
The phase when a learner first connects a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned one.
What is acquisition?
Learning that occurs when behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequences.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning by watching and imitating others.
What is observational learning?
The process of increasing a behavior by following it with a consequence.
What is reinforcement?
Behavior rewarded after a fixed amount of time.
What is a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?
Automatic, unlearned response that happens naturally to a stimulus in the environment.
What is a reflex?
Adding something unpleasant to stop or decrease a behavior.
What is positive punishment?
A person who performs a behavior that others learn from.
What is a model?
A reinforcer with innate value, like food or water.
What is a primary reinforcer?
Behavior rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time.
What is a variable interval reinforcement schedule?
A Stimulus that triggers a learned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
Taking away a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.
What is negative punishment?
When you see someone punished and decide not to copy them.
What is vicarious punishment?
A reinforcer that has value only when linked with something else, like money or gold stars.
What is a secondary reinforcer?
A set number of responses must occur before a reward.
What is a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?
When a conditioned response decreases because the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented.
What is extinction?
Rewarding a behavior every time it occurs.
What is continuous reinforcement?
When you see someone rewarded and are more likely to imitate them.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Rewarding behavior only some of the time
What is partial reinforcement?
The number of responses before a reward varies.
What is a variable ratio reinforcement schedule?
The return of a previously extinguished conditioned response.
What is spontaneous recovery?
B. F. Skinner’s belief that even complex mental functions are just stimulus-response associations.
What is radical behaviorism?
Rewarding closer and closer approximations toward a desired behavior.
What is shaping?