Crusades
Political, Economical, and Social results of the Crusades
What were
Political: Lessened the power of the pope, increased power of kings
Economical: Growth of trade, manors die, and towns start to produce everything
Social: Christians' relationship with the Muslims worsened, broadened outlook on life, and women were given a chance to manage stuff
Reason trade fell
What was the fact that Rome was the last civilization before and it was urban and then manorilizism cam about and it was rural
Medial Europe cause of the plague
What were Jews poisoning the wells?
Canterbury Tales
What were the stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer about pilgrims on their way to Canterbury?
Branch of Turks that started the Crusades
Who were the Scljuk
Four rights of a townsperson
Social, Political, and Economical Effects of the plague
Social: Lost people who did certain jobs, relationships were lost because people were so scared
Political: Monarchies and Democracies start
Economical: Less workers so higher wages, less currency in the system
Describe Gothic Architecture
What was
• Began in France in the 12c
• Pointed arches
○ Not as much stability as rounded arches
○ Needed structural support
§ Flying buttresses
□ Structural support for a Gothic cathedral
○ Lots of stained glass windows
§ Told stories- population was illiterate
§ Let in light
○ Elaborate, ornate interior
○ Taller, more airy - lots of light
○ Lavish sculpture- larger- than- life
○ Ex: Notre Dame
○ Rose Windows
§ A round window shaped like a rose
§ Still tells stories
• Gargoyles
Crusades and the goals of them
What was protecting Constantinople from the Muslims and called for a Holy War
What were
Guilds and two types of guilds
Levels of training
What were apprentice, journeyman, master
Vernacular Language
What is the common language spoken by the people
Divine Comedy
What was the story written by Dante Alighiere about his trip through Hell?
Knights Templar, Teutonic Knights, and Knights Hospitalar?
Who were the Knights who protected soldiers on their journey, knights who fought, and the knights who cared for the wounded?
Three leagues that controlled trade and where they were founded
What were:
• Venetian Route
○ Controlled by the Venetians
○ Group of Italians
• Genoese Route
○ From Genoa
○ Another group of Italians
• Hanseatic Route
○ England and the Scandinavia
§ Norway, Denmark, Sweden
Black death and how it spread
What was acral necrosis from yesternia pestises, from fleas on rats which spread from trade
Describe Romanesque Architecture
• Rounded arches
○ Started in 10th century
• Barrel Vaults
○ An arch that is extended along an axis
• Thick walls
• Darker, simplistic interiors
○ B/c of thick walls and no windows
• Small windows, usually at the top of wall
• B/c it was so dark, they had lots of candles
• Smoke darkened pictures on the walls
• St. Filbert, France, 10c
○ Ex of Romanesque
• Others
○ 1250, contact had occurred among Africans, Europeans, and Asians, but not Native Americans
○ Scholasticism used reason and logic to defend Christian beliefs
○ Result of Crusade- trade
○ Finest example of medieval art is in cathedrals
○ Urban II- Called Council of Clermont
○ Frederick I- drowned on way to third Crusade
○ Crusades- increased power of monarchs
○ Inquisition was an attempt to achieve drive the Muslims out of Spain and achieve religious unity
○ Women were basically just ways to get children
○ The primary source of inspiration of medieval artists was religious faith
○ People preferred fables to troubadours
○ Richard I- led third crusade
○ People reacted to the plague by turning to witchcraft and magic
○ Medieval universities were similar to guilds
○ Goal of first Crusade was to free the Holy Land
○ Know dates of Crusades
○ The three major mercantile city-states in medieval Italy were Genoa, Pisa, Venice
○ Strongest of all medieval popes was Innocent III
○ Dates of Bubonic Plague
○ Dates of the High Middle Ages
§ Dates of Middle Ages
§ Dates of the High Middle Ages
§ Dates of the Late Middle Ages
○ Characteristics of Medieval architecture
Number of Crusades and results of each
What is 6 and they all failed but the first one
Domestic System
What was a system where each step of a process was made in somebody's house; an early factory system
Troubador
What were the medieval story tellers who would go around telling stories in exchange for food who were important because the population was illiterate?
Four great universities and what they specialized in teaching