Water-Soluble Vitamins
What basic nutrient role do vitamins fulfill in the body?
Regulation
This vitamin plays an important role in the vision cycle.
Vitamin A
Orange, yellow, red, and green fruits and veggies are good sources of which carotenoid?
Beta-carotene
In an effort to reduce the risk for heart disease, one should limit total fat intake to < _________ of kcals
35%
Which nutrient deficiency leads to scurvy?
Vitamin C
Which vitamin requires a special intrinsic factor for absorption?
Vitamin B12
What vitamin can be produced in the body from cholesterol with exposure to UVB light?
Vitamin D
Do oranges naturally contain vitamin D?
No, but orange juice may be fortified with vitamin D
Lipoproteins are made of these three components
Cholesterol, triglycerides, and a protein coat.
True or false: Vitamin needs differ among species.
TRUE
What are the outcomes of pellagra?
- dermatitis
- diarrhea
- delirium
- death
What carotenoid is best converted into vitamin A?
Beta-carotene
This nutrient is naturally only found in animal-source foods and fermented foods.
Vitamin B12
Olive oil, avocados, and peanut oil are good sources of this heart-healthy fat
Monounsaturated fat
What function do water-soluble vitamins play in the body?
Coenzymes
Deficiency of folate during pregnancy can lead to devastating conditions in the developing fetus called _____.
Neural tube defects (congenital disorders)
Which vitamin helps regulate calcium absorption?
Vitamin D
This vitamin is found in corn, but because of the low bioavailbility it's difficult to absorb.
Niacin
A circulating LDL level of <______mg/dL is considered optimal for heart health
100
What 3 nutrients function as antioxidants in the body?
Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Beta carotene
Which water-soluble vitamins can cause anemia as an outcome of deficiency?
Vitamin B12 and Folate
This vitamin is found in the germ of whole grains and deficiency can take around 7 years to develop.
Vitamin E
SPECIAL QUESTION
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Most breakfast cereals provide 50-100% of the RDA for this B vitamin that's involved in carbohydrate energy metabolism.
Thiamine
Name three of the five factors that characterize metabolic syndrome
- waist circumference >35in for females and >40in for males
- high fasting triglycerides
- low HDL
- elevated blood pressure
- high fasting blood glucose
What is hydrogenation?
Hydrogenation is the process of converting an unsaturated fatty acid to a saturated one by bubbling in hydrogen gas.