People
This man served as Canada's first Prime Minister and was a key figure in the Confederation of Canada in 1867. He is also known for his role in building the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Who is John A Macdonald?
In 1869-1870, this resistance, led by Louis Riel, was a response to the Canadian government's attempt to take control of the Red River Settlement and resulted in the creation of the province of Manitoba.
What is "The Red River Resistance"?
This 1969 law, later revised in 1982, declared English and French as Canada's official languages and required federal institutions to provide services in both languages.
What is the Official Languages Act?
This 1969 government policy, proposed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, aimed to eliminate the Indian Act and assimilate Indigenous peoples, but was met with strong opposition and led to widespread protests.
What is "The White Paper"?
This system, introduced in the late 19th century, involved the distribution of land or money to Métis people through coupons in exchange for their claims to land, but it is widely considered to have been unjust and resulted in the loss of Métis rights.
What is "Metis Scrip"?
This British colonial administrator is known for his report that advocated for the assimilation of French Canadians as a fix to the Canadian disunity problem. This report later led to the creation of the Province of Canada in 1841.
This 1970 crisis in Quebec involved the kidnapping of two government officials by the FLQ and the subsequent imposition of the War Measures Act.
This controversial piece of legislation, first passed in 1876, governs many aspects of the lives of First Nations people in Canada, including land management, governance, and cultural practices, and has been heavily criticized for its paternalistic policies.
What is the Indian Act?
These agreements, signed between 1871 and 1921, are often criticized for the way they were negotiated and the promises made to Indigenous peoples that were not fully honored by the Canadian government.
What are "The Numbered Treaties"?
This government agency, created in 1968, is responsible for regulating and supervising broadcasting and telecommunications in Canada, ensuring Canadian content is promoted on TV and radio.
What is the Canadian Radio and Television Commission (CRTC)?
This French-Canadian lawyer and politician was a key architect of Canadian Confederation, helping to negotiate the terms of union for Quebec in 1867.
Who is George Etienne-Cartier?
This 1999 event saw the establishment of a new Canadian territory, giving Inuit people self-governance and control over their lands in the northern part of Canada.
What is "The Creation of Nunavut"?
This 1963-1969 commission ordered by Lester B. Pearson was designed to find causes of Francophone lack of belonging in Canada and solutions to promote linguistic duality and cultural equality between French and English Canadians, leading to the establishment of official bilingualism in Canada.
What is the Royal Commission on Bilingualism & Biculturalism?
This 1995 event saw Quebec voters narrowly reject the idea of Quebec becoming an independent country, leading to significant debates about Quebec's place in Canada and the future of national unity.
What was the 1995 Quebec Referendum?
This publicly funded healthcare system, introduced in the 1960s, ensures that all Canadian citizens and permanent residents have access to necessary hospital and medical services without paying out-of-pocket.
What is Canada’s Medicare system?
A former premier of Quebec, founder of the Bloc Quebecois, this politician was a strong proponent of Quebec sovereignty and led the 1980 referendum for Quebec independence.
Who is Rene Levesque?
This 1982 event, led by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, resulted in Canada gaining full control over its constitution and the introduction of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
This 1867 document, passed by the British Parliament, created the Dominion of Canada and served as the country's constitution until it was largely replaced by the Canadian Constitution in 1982.
What is the British North America Act?
Introduced in 1980, this controversial federal program aimed to assert greater control over Canada's oil resources and redistribute wealth, but it was strongly opposed by Alberta and other provinces, resulting in long-lasting political tension.
What is "The National Energy Program"?
This Canadian youth volunteer program, launched in 1977, provides Indigenous young people with opportunities to work on community projects and learn school curriculum across the country while promoting intercultural understanding and civic responsibility.
What is Katimavik?
These British and French colonial administrators are known their idea of responsible government in Canada, which later led to the creation of the Province of Canada in 1841.
Who are Louis Lafontaine/Robert Baldwin?
This 1987 agreement was intended to bring Quebec into the Canadian Constitution by declaring Quebec a distinct society but ultimately failed when Rene Levesque was offended by the terms and Pierre Trudeau's lack of appearance.
What is "The Meech Lake Accords"?
This 1982 act repatriated Canada's constitution from the United Kingdom, and it included the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, granting fundamental rights and freedoms to all Canadians.
What is the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982?
This controversial aspect of Canadian fiscal policy involves the redistribution of federal funds to provinces with lower per capita income, and has led to debates about fairness and provincial autonomy, particularly in wealthier provinces like Alberta.
This concept, often used to describe Canadian multiculturalism, emphasizes the idea that Canadian society is a blend of different cultural groups, rather than a "melting pot," with each maintaining its distinct identity.
What is the Mosaic Model of Canada?