Realism +
A _____ distribution of power is the most stable according to Mearsheimer.
Bipolar OR balanced bipolarity
________ Theory, by Dale Copeland, argues that the level of future trade, along with the current level of trade, increases/decreases the likelihood of conflict.
Trade Expectations Theory
What are the 4 features of constructivism?
- alternative to materialism
- construction of state interests
- mutual constitutions of structures/agents
- multiple logics of anarchy (**believe in anarchy, but we only get to concept of rival if you believe you have enemies**)
Allison presents two alternative conceptual models to explain state actions to the rational policy model. They are what?
Bureaucratic Politics Model and Organizational Process Model
Fukuyama argues we can measure state capacity by two variables, what are they?
Scope / Strength
_______________ is a first strike against a rising, future threat.
Preventive
The greatest debate within the Democratic Peace Theory literature is the reason (aka causal logic) why democracies don't go to war. The two primary mechanisms (aka logics) are...
institutional / normative
Which IR paradigm may best help understand why the U.S. provides aid to Haiti after an earthquake because it is "the right thing to do"?
Constructivism
Which of the following principles is the one NOT shared by realism and liberalism:
- states are rational actors
- states are self-interested
- belief in relative gains
- system is anarchic
- A belief in materialism
Belief in relative gains
Gleditsch argues three transnational linkages (or external factors) of civil wars are...
Ethnic, political, economic
Waltz argument that Iran should get the bomb is based on what theory?
Rational Deterrence Theory
Neoliberal institutionalism is a branch of liberalism that believes states can cooperate through institutions because they do these three things:
reduce uncertainty / reduce transaction costs / reinforce reciprocity
TRUE OR FALSE: constructivism believes that state interests are not fixed.
True
The traditional IR paradigms (Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism) provide a framework for understanding state behavior, but they poorly explain/predict specific foreign policies. If (hypothetically) the August 2021 Afghanistan withdrawal was the product of a debate among the members of President Biden's cabinet that resulted in a compromised exit strategy which conceptual model would best explain the outcome?
Bureaucratic Politics Model
You are a platoon leader on patrol in a remote village. The people of the village are extremely malnourished, children work in the fields rather than go to school, and the only health services are those provided by a doctor who visits 2x a year from an UK non-profit. Returning from patrol you back brief your company commander that the village is experiencing a ________________.
Capacity gap (not a security or legitimacy gap in this instances!)
_______ capabilities are more likely to increase the security dilemma than ______ capabilities.
offensive / defensive
What are three obstacles to free trade (aka, political determinants of commercial openness)?
Veto points / interest groups / regime type
Put the stages of the norm life cycle in the right order:
- norm cascade
- norm emergence
- norm internalization
- tipping point
- Norm emergence
- tipping point
- norm cascade
- norm internalization
According to Sagan, what are the three requirements for stable deterrence?
No preventive war / no accidental or unauthorized use / second strike survivability
"Responsibility to ____________" is a belief that the international community has a special set of responsibilities to protect civilians- by force if necessary- from war crimes, crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing, and genocide when national governments fail to do so. This is in tension with an international norm of ____________.
Protect / sovereignty
What are the three reasons rational states go to war?
Hidden information / credible commitment / issue indivisibility
What are the 7 logics of the international liberal order?
Open Markets / Economic Security and the Social Bargain / Multilateral Institutional Cooperation / Security Binding / Western Democratic Solidarity / Human Rights and Progressive Change / American Hegemonic Leadership
Finish this quote AND state the ethical school it would fall under : "… you know as well as we do that right, as the world goes, is only in question between equals in power, ..."
"... while the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must"
Moral Skeptics (not state moralists or cosmopolitans)
What are the four hypotheses for the first of four groups of hypotheses (Foundational hypotheses on the impact of individuals) that Pollack and Byman identify?
Syria has collapsed. Now that there is no strong centralized government, different sub-national groups begin to arm themselves (which makes other groups feels insecure), they are not confident if they negotiate arms reductions with their enemies that they can be enforced since there is no strong third party to enforce these commitments, and some groups in Syria see this as an opportunity to create the independent state they always wanted. What theoretical argument for civil war onset does this support.
Grievance model / ethnic grievance / ethnic tensions
3 causal logics: security dilemma, commitment problem, ethnic secessionists