Life 1
What are some ways in which someone can identify whether a cell is a plant or animal cell?
Plant cells have cell walls, and contain chloroplasts/chlorophyll to create energy via photosynthesis. Animal cells must use glucose from other cells to make energy.
What is the relationship between consumers and producers in a food web?
Producers make their own food via photosynthesis. Consumers can't do this. Instead they must eat other organisms to get energy.
What is the difference between weathering & erosion? Explain both using examples.
Weathering "breaks it," and erosion "takes it." What does that mean?
Each of Earth's spheres is distinguished by the materials from which it is made. Plants and animals make up part of which sphere?
What is Biosphere?
What is the difference between a balanced and unbalanced force? State an example of each.
Unbalanced forces change the motion of an object. Balanced forces result in no change in motion.
Examples may vary.
What force is responsible for stopping a ball as it rolls down a hill?
What is friction?
What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
All cells come from other "pre-existing" cells.
Define the following:
• Decomposers
• Producers
Decomposers: consume dead tissues for energy. Includes fungi, bacteria, and some animals.
Producers: plants that produce food via photosynthesis.
Define the following boundaries, and describe what landforms they form.
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
Convergent: moves together, forming mountain ranges or seafloor trenches.
Divergent: moves apart, forming new oceanic crust.
Transform: slides past in opposite directions, forming fault lines.
Each of Earth's spheres is distinguished by the materials from which it is made. Plants and animals make up part of which sphere?
What is Biosphere?
What are 3 ways light can interact with an object? In other words, what does light do when it passes from one material to another?
What is reflection, refraction, and absorption?
Which wave travels faster in a solid? Which wave travels faster in a gas? (light and/or sound waves).
Sound travels faster in a solid, and light travels faster in a gas.
Define the following
• Primary Consumer
• Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumers: usually eat producers directly
Secondary Consumers: usually eat other consumers (like primary consumers).
Explain the difference between a scientific law and a scientfic theory.
Laws are direct observations of natural phenomena. Theories are explanations of those laws and phenomena.
The Andromeda Galaxy is the nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way Galaxy. Which unit would best be used to represent the distance between the Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy?
Light years
What is the difference between a revolution and rotation? Try to explain using the Moon, Earth, and Sun as examples.
Student responses may vary.
In your own words define the following types of heat transfer:
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
Conduction requires direct contact between solids; convection is the movement of heat throughout a fluid (liquids and gases); and radiation is the transfer of heat as electromagnetic radiation (like sunlight).
What is the difference between an insulator and conductor?
A conductor helps heat transfer; and insulator slows it down.
What are the functions of each cell part below?
• Nucleus
• Cell membrane
• Mitochondria
• Vacuole
Nucleus: "control center" of cell; directs what happens in the cell
Cell membrane: "security center"; controls what goes in and out
Mitochondria: "power plant"; cellular respiration happens here
Vacuole: storage of food, waste and/or water
What does it mean to have a control group in an experiment and why is it important in an experiment?
Order the following from largest to smallest:
• Meteor
• Planets
• Solar System
• Moons
• Asteroids
• Universe
• Galaxies
Universe, galaxies, solar systems, planets, moons, asteroids, meteors.
Define each of the following using ONE word:
• Geosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Cryosphere
• Atmosphere
• Biosphere
Answers may vary.
Geosphere: earth, ground, dirt, rock, soil
Hydrosphere: water, liquids
Cryosphere: ice, solids
Atmosphere: air, gas
Biosphere: living things
State the 7 different waves in the EM spectrum from lowest to highest frequency? (HINT: Think of the relationship between wavelength & frequency).
Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma.
Nelly wants to test the effect that Fiji water has on plant growth. During the experiment she will record her data on the height of the plant. What is the test (independent) & outcome (dependent) variable in this scenario?
Independent: water
Dependent: plant height/growth
For a particular trait, B is dominant to b. What genetic cross would be expected to result in 50% of the offspring showing the phenotype of the dominant allele and 50% showing the phenotype of the recessive allele? Hint: list the genotype of both parents.
Bb and bb.
For hair color, A represents a dominate allele for Brown hair and a is a recessive allele for blonde hair. If one parent is heterozygous and the other is homozygous recessive, what is the probability that the offspring will have a dominant trait?
50 percent
Explain the Rock Cycle using the terms below.
• Sedimentary Rocks
• Igneous Rocks
• Metamorphic Rocks
• Heat/Pressure
• Magma
• Weathering
• Erosion
• Cooling
Student answers may vary.
How does the water cycle help explain how the hydrosphere and atmosphere are related?
Water vapor becomes part of the atmosphere. When it cools to liquid, it becomes part of the hydrosphere.
In what direction does heat flow? COLD to HOT or HOT to COLD? Explain the reasoning for your answer.
Heat flows from hot objects to cold objects, as the actual heat is from the faster movement of particles in hot objects that then transfers to other colder objects.
Explain in your own words the difference between replicating an experiment and repeating an experiment. Why are each important?
Repetition is conducted by one experimenter. Replication is conducted by different experimenters. Both practices add validity to experimental results.