Chapter 1: Data Types
Chapter 2: Frequency Tables and Graphs
Chapter 3: Numerical Measures
Chapter 4: Probablity
Chapter 5: Discrete Probability
Chapter 6: Continous Distributions
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions
Chapter 8: Confidence Intervals
Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing
Chapter 10: Regression
100
Is Zip code a categorical or quantitative variable
Categorical
100
What graphs are used for categorical data
Bar Graphs and Pie Charts
100
What is the formula(s) for sample mean
either sum/count or =average()
100
What are the criteria for something to be a valid probability range
each probabilty much be between 0 and 1, and all probabilities must add up to 1
100
List the requirements for a distribution to be binomial
2 outcomes
Constant Probability
and Independent trials
100
What is the shape of a normal distribution
Symmetric and bell-shaped
100
What is the goal of taking a sample from a population
To learn more about a population
100
Alpha means what when calculating a confidence interval
The probability not included in the confidence interval
100
What is H_0
The claim is presumed true
100
What is the range of r, and what does r mean
Range is -1 to 1, is the correlation coefficient, and identifies how strongly x and y move together
200
Define an Ordinal Variable
A qualitative variable whose categories have a natural order/ranking
200
Why do the bars in a histogram touch
Because the data is continous
200
What does variance measure
The spread around the mean
200
How to calculate the complement of P(A)
1- P(A)
200
How is hypergeometric different from binomial
Binomial assumes replacement, Hypergeometric assumes you aren't replacing
200
What is true in a uniform distribution
All outcomes are equally likely
200
If a population has a normal distribution, does the sample have a normal distribution
Yes
200
When you know the population standard deviation, which distribution do you use
Normal (z) distribution
200
What is a Type 1 error
Rejecting the null hypothesis ( H_0 ) when it's true (i.e. a false positive)
200
One variable is customers that day, and the other is the sales made that day. Which is the dependent variable, and what is the independent variable
x = customers that day
y = sales made that day
300
What is time-series data
A variable measured over time
300
What is Cumulative Frequency
The running total of frequencies
300
What does a z-score tell you
How many standard deviations from the mean a certain variable is
300
What are mutually exclusive events
Both cannot occur at the same time
300
What is the combination formula
, or =combin(samples size, # chosen)
300
Z-score of 1.5 means what
The probability is 1.5 standard deviations to the right of the mean
300
The Central Limit Theorem says that you assume a sample is normal when you have a sample size of what
>=30
300
When you dont know the population standard deviation, which distribution do you use
T-distribution
300
What would you describe the p-value as
The probability H_0 is true
300
What is the regression equation, and what excel formulas can you use to find the variables
Regression equation: y = b_0+b_1
slope: =slope(known ys, known xs)
intercept: =intercept(knownys, intercept xs)
400
What is the difference between a sample and a population
Samples are taken from a population; Population is the whole "group"
400
What do the bar heights in histograms represents
The frequency of the respective variable
400
What are the formulas for outliers
Q1: Q1 - 1.5*IQR
Q3: Q3 + 1.5*IQR
400
What is the Addition Rule
P(A) + P(B) - P(A
B)
400
What is the expected value of a binomial
n*p
400
Exponential distributions are skewed in which direction
Right skewed
400
What is the standard error formula
400
What is the margin or error
Critical error*Standard error
400
When do you reject H_o
Reject H_o when the p-value is less than alpha
400
SST (total sum of squares) = SSR (sum of squares residual) + what
SSE (sum of squares Error)
500
What are the 4 measurement scales
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio
500
How to find a midpoint
(lower + upper)/2
500
What is the five-number summary
Min, Q1, Median, Q3, Max
500
Define Conditional Probability and what is the formula
Is the probability of an event occuring and other event occuring
P(A
B)/P(B)
500
Define N, K, n, n and x in a hypergeometric formula
N = Population size
K = successes in a population
n = sample size
x = successes in a sample
500
What are the parameters for a normal distribution
µ (mean) and σ (standard deviation)
500
As the sample size gets larger, what happens to the variance of the sampling distribution
Variance decreases as the sample size increases
500
Interpret a 95% Confidence Interval
You are 95% confidence you are correct
500
What are the 3 hypothesis test forms
Upper tail tests (greater than), Lower tail (less than), or two-tailed (not equal to)
500
What does the R2 of a linear regression mean, and how to find it?
It is the % of variation that can be explained by x
Can be found by either =rsq(known ys, known xs) or using the data analysis toolkit