Data & Distributions
This numerical value describes a characteristic of an entire population.
What is a Parameter?
This type of graph uses bars of equal width to show frequencies of categories, where the bars are arranged in descending order of frequency.
What is a Pareto Chart?
This measure of center is the value that occurs with the greatest frequency.
What is the Mode?
All probability values must fall between these two numerical limits.
What are 0 and 1?
This value represents the number of standard deviations a specific value is away from the mean.
What is a z-score?
This level of measurement is characterized by data that can be arranged in order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless (e.g., ranks).
What is Ordinal?
This graph consists of a plot of paired quantitative data and is used to determine if there is a relationship between two variables.
What is a Scatterplot?
To calculate this, you subtract the minimum value from the maximum value in a data set.
What is the Range?
This rule is used to find the probability that event A or event B occurs:
What is the Addition Rule?
This type of distribution must have a fixed number of trials, independent trials, and two categories of outcomes (Success/Failure).
What is a Binomial Distribution?
This type of data results from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps or jumps.
What is Continuous data?
This display represents data by separating each value into two parts: the leftmost digit(s) and the rightmost digit.
What is a Stemplot (or Stem-and-Leaf plot)?
According to this rule, for a bell-shaped distribution, approximately 95% of data falls within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
What is the Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7 Rule)?
Two events are called this if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the occurrence of the other.
What is Independent?
For a probability distribution, the sum of all values must equal this number.
What is 1?
In a frequency distribution, this value is found by adding the lower class limit to the upper class limit and dividing the sum by 2.
What is the Class Midpoint?
A graph that is often considered deceptive because it uses a non-zero vertical axis or uses areas/volumes to represent 1 dimensional data.
What is a Pictograph?
This graph uses a five-number summary (Min, Median, Max) to visualize the spread of data.
What is a Boxplot?
This approach to probability requires that all outcomes in the sample space are equally likely.
What is the Classical Approach?
This counting rule is used when selecting items from available items when the order of selection does matter.
What is the Permutations Rule?
This specific distribution shape is symmetric and bell-shaped, with frequencies starting low, increasing to a maximum, and then decreasing.
What is a Normal Distribution?
This graph shows data collected at different points in time to observe trends over a period.
What is a Time-Series Graph?
This theorem applies to any distribution shape and states the proportion of data within standard deviations is at least 1/K^2, where K is any positive number.
What is Chebyshev’s Theorem?
The notation represents this type of probability, which is the probability of event B occurring given that A has already occurred.
What is Conditional Probability?
In a binomial distribution with trials and probability of success , this is the formula for the mean:
𝜇 = 𝑛 × 𝑝