Industrial Revolution #1
- expanded cotton production and the need for more agricultural labor (slaves)
Cotton Gin
resulted in faster, more efficient transportation(by land and by water)of goods; price of goods decreased
Steamboats and Railroads
U.S. desire to own land from coast to coast; James K. Polk; causes: 1) land = wealth, 2) population boom
Manifest Destiny
encouraged people to be more religious; caused social reform leading to Reform era
Second Great Awakening
Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
more efficient way to produce goods; led to mass production; price of goods decreased
Interchangeable Parts
- invention by Samuel Morse used to communicate rapidly over long distances
Telegraph
- acquired from Britain in a treaty; U.S. achieved goal of Manifest Destiny
Oregon Territory
- worked to improve prison conditions and create facilities for the mentally ill
Dorothea Dix
Wrote the North Star Newspaper
Frederick Douglass
economy with little gov’t regulation; based off supply and demand; developed in response to strong colonial trade laws
Free Enterprise
- people moved from rural areas to cities for factory work; cities grew rapidly
Urbanization
- War caused by U.S. annexing Texas; border dispute between Texas and Mexico
U.S.-Mexican War
led by women; fought to decrease alcohol consumption
Temperance Movement
"Black Moses" of the Underground Railroad
started working outside the home, mainly in textile mills
Women
Irish came to U.S. because of potato famine, worked in factories/Transcontinental Railroad; blamed by nativists for taking jobs away
Immigrants
land U.S. acquired after U.S.-Mexican War in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; led to debates over expansion of slavery into new territories
Mexican Cession
worked to end slavery; Harriet Beecher Stowe (Uncle Tom’s Cabin), Frederick Douglass (The North Star), Harriet Tubman (Underground Railroad), William Lloyd Garrison (The Liberator)
Abolitionists
William Lloyd Garrison
- man-made rivers; price of goods decreased; Northeast cities(New York City) grew along these physical features
Canals
temporarily relieved sectional differences by maintaining the balance between the number of free and slave states in the Union
Missouri Compromise
population increased; Chinese immigrants came to the U.S. and later worked on Transcontinental Railroad and faced discrimination
California Gold Rush
founded by Emerson and Thoreau; focused on ideal societies and individualism; used civil disobedience as a form of protest
Transcendentalism
- Seneca Falls Convention called for women’s suffrage (right to vote); Declaration of Sentiments; Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Women's Rights Movement