Reforms
Provided 160 acres of land to settlers who agreed to live on the land, improve it, and farm it for five years.
Homestead Act of 1862
16th Amendment
Ratified in 1920, granted women the right to vote, known as women's suffrage.
19th Amendment
American approach to China around 1900, favoring open trade relations between China and other nations
Open Door Policy
Passed in 1890, was the first federal law in the United States to limit monopolies and promote fair competition in business.
Sherman Anti-trust Act
Passed in 1906 and aimed to protect consumers from mislabeled and unsafe food and drugs by regulating their interstate commerce.
Pure Food and Drug Act
State and local laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation and discrimination, particularly in the Southern states.
Jim Crow Laws
Ratified in 1913, established the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.
17th Amendment
Aimed at furthering the interests of the U.S. abroad by encouraging the investment of U.S. capital in foreign countries, specifically, Latin and South America.
Dollar Diplomacy
Limits set by countries on the number of immigrants they will accept from specific countries or regions within a certain period, often based on factors like nationality, occupation, or skills.
Immigration Quota
Passed in 1883 and established a merit-based system for federal employment in the United States
Pendleton Act
Law passed in 2001 that expanded the authority of U.S. law enforcement agencies to combat terrorism
USA Patriot Act
Allows the voters, by petition, to demand the removal of an elected official.
Recall
List of terms for resolving World War I and future wars outlined by American President Woodrow Wilson
Fourteen Points
Federal law signed in 1882 that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers, making it the first significant law restricting immigration based on nationality.
Chinese Exclusion Act
Passed in 1887 and was the first federal law to regulate the railroad industry, aiming to ensure fair rates and prevent discrimination in interstate commerce.
Interstate Commerce Act
Enacted in 1919, prohibited the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages, leading to the era of Prohibition.
18th Amendment
A power, reserved to the voters, to propose legislation, by petition, that would enact, amend or repeal a City Charter or Code provision.
Initiative
The peace treaty signed in 1919 that officially ended World War I and imposed heavy penalties and territorial losses on Germany.
Treaty of Versailles
Aimed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal lands into individual plots, leading to the loss of millions of acres of Native American land.
Dawes Act
Series of programs and initiatives implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s to combat the Great Depression, including the Works Progress Administration (WPA), Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), and Social Security Administration (SSA).
New Deal Agencies
This amendment abolished slavery in the United States
13 Amendment
This amendment lowered the voting age in the United States from 21 to 18.
26th Amendment
A trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico that eliminated most tariffs on trade between the three countries
NAFTA
United States federal law that made it a crime to interfere with military operations or to support U.S. enemies during wartime, particularly during World War I.
Espionage Act