Exploration and Colonization
Reasons Europeans explored
1.Gold (accumulate wealth)
2. God (spread Christianity)
3. Glory (expand empire)
Why were the colonists mad about paying off the French and Indian War debts?
No representation in Parliament
(NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION)
Define the 1st Amendment
freedom of religion, assembly, petition, the press, and speech
Define Federalist and Anti Federalist
Why did U.S. manufacturing increase during the War of 1812?
supply of British goods decreased, which forced Americans to produce more goods domestically
How are the reasons for colonization different between Spain and France?
Spain: Catholic missions were built to convert American Indians in these areas
France: Fur Trading
Why were colonists angered by the Intolerable Acts?
closed Boston Harbor and required colonists to quarter British soldiers in their homes
Define the Three- Fifths Compromise
3 out of 5 slaves are counted towards state population
Who were the Federalist and Anti-Federalist?
F: Alexander Hamilton and James Madison
AF: Patrick Henry and George Mason
How did the cotton gin expand the need for enslaved labor?
cotton gin made it much faster and easier to remove seeds from cotton; as a result, Southern farmers began planting more cotton to meet the growin demands of factories
What does a representative government mean?
Citizens elect officials to make laws and represent them.
What does life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness mean?
unalienable rights that cannot be taken away without due process
Why were Anti-Federalists against the ratification of the Constitution?
believed the Constitution gave the federal government too much power and did not do enough to protect individual freedoms
What were the two main causes of the War of 1812?
The war began because of the British impressment of American sailors into their navy,
2. and because the British supported American Indian attacks against settlers on the frontier
Describe TWO characteristics of the U.S. free enterprise system.
• limited government involvement in business activities
• supply and demand sets prices rather than the government
• business profits go to entrepreneurs, or private business owners
• fair prices and quality of goods are driven by consumer choice and competition among companies
What caused the expansion of the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
Slaves were brought to America to work on plantations
Proclamation of 1763
restricted colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains
Why is federal power separated among the three branches of government?
To prevent tyranny and protect citizens’ freedoms
in simpler terms: preventing either branch from becoming too powerful
Why did South Carolina think it could reject a federal law?
unconstitutional and declared it null under the Tenth Amendment
In what ways did new transportation systems improve trade?
• decreased shipping time and transportation costs
• encouraged the growth of new cities along transportation routes
Which economic idea encouraged countries to build colonies to increase wealth and power?
Mercantilism
What was one significant event of the American Revolution?
The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the war because it led to France becoming an ally of America
• The harsh winter at Valley Forge caused nearly 2,000 deaths due to disease and starvation
• John Paul Jones led the fight at sea by sneaking through blockades and destroying British ships
• Yorktown was the last major battle, which resulted in the surrender of the British
How did the Northwest Ordinance help the United States expand and grow as a nation?
Created a rule to admit new eligible territories as states.
What was one major effect of the Indian Removal Act
Forced relocation of Native Americans / Trail of Tears / loss of land
What was one effect of the Missouri Compromise?
slavery was banned in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30’ line