WORLD WAR 2
Location of a surprise attack by the Japanese that targeted the U.S. Pacific Fleet on Dec. 7, 1941. The next day the U.S. declared war against Japan and three days later Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.
Pearl Harbor
45 year-long competition for world leadership between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after WWII. It included an arms race, a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare, and space race, a competition for supremacy in space exploration and technology
Cold War
1954 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” education for black and white students was unconstitutional. Ended segregation in public schools.
Brown v. Board of Education
a 1971 change to the constitution which set the voting age at 18 years old nation wide.
26th amendment
During George W. Bush’s second term this massive hurricane hit New Orleans and destroyed the levees. The costliest hurricane on record killing more than 1800 people.
Hurricane Katrina
June 6, 1944, the invasion of the beaches of Normandy by the Allied troops to get France back from German control.
D-Day
the efforts of the U.S. to block Soviet Union spread of communism during the late 1940s and early 1950s
Containment Policy
a law that made it easier for African Americans to register to vote by eliminating discriminatory literacy tests and authorizing federal examiners to enroll voters denied at the local level
Voting Rights Act of 1965
1970s public distrust of statements made by the government after the publishing of the Pentagon Papers which showed that the U.S. had not been winning the war in Vietnam.
Credibility Gap
Originally negotiated by President George H.W. Bush but it was pushed and passed by Clinton. The North American Free Trade Agreement created free trade between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico by eliminating tariffs (taxes on imports).
(NAFTA) North American Free Trade Agreement
Nazis systematically executed 6 million Jews and 5 million other “non-Aryans.” Hitler target Jews knowing that Europe had a long history of Anti-Semitism, or hatred of the Jews.
Holocaust
the attacks, often unsubstantiated, by Senator Joseph McCarthy and others on people suspected of being Communists in the early 1950s. Also known as the Red Scare of the 1950s.
McCarthyism
a frequently militant organization that was formed in 1968 to work for Native American rights. Began as a self-defense group against policy brutality but branched out to include protecting rights of large Native American populations in northern and western states.
American Indian Movement (AIM)
the flexible policy, involving a willingness to negotiate and an easing of tensions, that was adopted by President Nixon in the dealings with communist nation
Détente
Also known as Operation Desert Storm. In August 1990. It was a war with the US against Iraq (leader Saddam Hussein) because Iraq invaded Kuwait for their oil.
Persian Gulf War
the code name for the research work of the development of the atomic bomb, a new weapon of mass destruction.
Manhattan Project
the culture of the young people who rejected mainstream American society in the 1960s, seeking to create an alternative society based on peace, love, and individual freedom. They were part of an anti-war movement in opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
Counterculture
an organization formed in 1960 to coordinate sit‐ins and other protests and to give young blacks a larger role in the civil rights movement.
Student Non‐Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
a five-year agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union, signed in 1972, that limited the nations’ numbers of intercontinental missiles and submarine-launched missile
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) Treaty
This war was caused because of the attacks on September 11, 2001. Bush vowed to launch this war against those nations that harbored terrorists. In 2003 Bush created the Department of Homeland Security.
War of Terror
all-black pilot group who contributed to the victory against Italy. They were escorts for pilots on bombing missions
Tuskegee Airmen
President Richard Nixon’s strategy for ending U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, involving the gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops and their replacement with South Vietnamese forces.
Vietnamization
1966, Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta established this organization to seek higher wages and better working conditions for Mexican-American farm workers in California.
United Farm Worker Movement (UFW)
the economic policies of this 1980s President, which were focused on budget cuts and the granting of large tax cuts in order to increase private investments.
Reaganomics
This was sponsored by George W. Bush in 2001 which greatly expanded the government’s law enforcement powers. In order to prevent another 9-11 attack bush authorized the NSA (National Security Agency) to wiretap suspected callers without a warrant.
U.S. Patriot Act