Foundations of Public Health
The study that aids our understanding of the nature, extent, and cause of heath public health problems.
What is Epidemiology?
The occurrence of cases of an illness that occurs above what is normally expected for a given time and place.
What is an epidemic?
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is primary prevention?
The uninterrupted and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another.
What is direct transmission?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease causing organism and who has done so for some time, even if they have recovered from the disease.
What is an active carrier?
Characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
An epidemic that affects or attacks the populations of an extensive region, country, or continent.
What is a pandemic?
Requires behavior change in the individual that prevents a disease or disorder before it happens
What is active primary prevention?
Occurs when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a host, resulting in the disease.
What is indirect transmission?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease is still infectious.
What is a convalescent carrier?
Finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events
What is analytic epidemiology?
The ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people
What is a endemic?
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual to prevent a disease or disorder from occurring
What is passive primary prevention?
Occurs when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection.
What is airborne transmission?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease.
What is a healthy carrier (passive carrier/subclinical case)?
Refers to the ability of a program to produce a desired effect among those who participate in the program compared with those who do not
What is efficacy?
A infectious-disease epidemic that arises from a specific source
What is a common source epidemic?
Aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease.
What is secondary prevention?
Occurs when an arthropod conveys the infection agent.
What is vector-borne transmission?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, is in the beginning stages of the disease, displaying symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease.
What is an incubatory carrier?
Four interrelated epidemiologic variables involved in an infectious outbreak (1) the host (2) the agent (3) the environment (4) time
What is the epidemiology triangle?
A infectious-disease epidemic that arises from infections transmitted from one infected person to another
What is a propagated epidemic?
Limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What is tertiary prevention?
Involves an inanimate object that conveys an infectious agent to a host.
What is an vehicle-borne transmission?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different intervals.
What is an intermittent carrier?