General Knowledge
This iconic Australian landmark, known for its unique shell-like design, is located in Sydney.
Sydney Opera House
This New Zealand-born actor, best known for the Back to the Future films, has become a global advocate for Parkinson’s disease research after being diagnosed in 1991.
Michael J. Fox
Apomorphine's effects are rapid, with symptom relief typically occurring within this short time frame after injection.
5 to 10 minutes
Opicapone is available in Australia a as an alternative to this older COMT inhibitor, which is often given multiple times per day.
Entacapone
This percentage of patients in the BIPARK II study showed an improvement in motor function when treated with opicapone.
Approximately 40%
The human body has how many bones?
206
Motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease typically occur after long-term use of this gold-standard medication.
Levodopa
Apomorphine acts on these receptors in the brain to mimic the effects of dopamine.
Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors
One advantage of Opicapone over entacapone is its longer duration of action, allowing for this type of dosing regimen.
Once daily dosing
In BIPARK I and II, these were the most common side effects of opicapone.
Dyskinesia, insomnia, and diarrhea
This term refers to an overly complicated machine designed to perform a simple task in a series of intricate steps, often seen in cartoons or viral videos.
Rube Goldberg machine
This neurotransmitter, which plays a crucial role in movement control, is significantly reduced in people with Parkinson’s disease.
Dopamine
This New Zealand neurologist was a co-author of the TOLEDO study, which investigated the effectiveness of apomorphine infusion therapy for Parkinson’s disease.
Dr. Barry Snow
One of the most common side effects of Opicapone is an increase in this type of involuntary movement, which can occur when levodopa levels are too high.
Dyskinesia
What did the TOLEDO long term open label phase study demonstrate about the long-term safety of apomorphine infusion?
The study confirmed that long-term apomorphine infusion remains well-tolerated and consistent with previous safety data.
What is the name of the body of water that separates Australia and New Zealand?
The Tasman Sea
Parkinson’s disease occurs when dopamine-producing cells in this part of the brain begin to degenerate.
Substantia nigra
Unlike levodopa, apomorphine does not require metabolism by this enzyme, which is often targeted by medications like entacapone and opicapone.
COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase)
Clinical trials such as BIPARK 1 and BIPARK 2 demonstrated that Opicapone significantly reduced "OFF" time by approximately how many hours per day?
1–2 hours
According to the TOLEDO long term open label phase study, what happened to the levodopa-equivalent dose (LED) for patients on apomorphine?
The study showed a significant reduction in the mean levodopa-equivalent dose for patients treated with apomorphine in the long term open label phase.
This British scientist, known for his discovery of penicillin in 1928, changed the course of medicine forever.
Alexander Fleming
This non-motor symptom, affecting up to 80% of people with Parkinson’s, can occur years before movement symptoms begin.
Loss of sense of smell (anosmia)?
In the AM-IMPAKT study, the authors summarised that MOVAPO PEN were found to provide a rapid and reliable ON state for patients. Fill in the blanks.
At least 2/3 correct for points.
Due to its hepatic metabolism, Opicapone should be used with caution or avoided in patients with severe impairment of this organ.
The liver
What is the conclusion drawn from the BIPARK I and II studies about the long-term use of opicapone in Parkinson’s disease?
Opicapone provides sustained improvement in "OFF" time and is generally well-tolerated in the long term.