Classical
Was considered the first to remove the divine from the historical record.
Who is Herodotus?
Used multiple chronologies to determine the age of the world from Adam to Jesus to be 5500.
Who is Sextus Julius Africanus?
Machiavelli's History of Florence promoted this new form of writing history.
What is Civic Humanism?
He proposed the great man theory of history.
Who is Thomas Carlyle?
Karl Marx said this determined the course and aim of history.
What is the logic of economic development?
His writings focused more on the polis and its fate, over broad inquiries into the past.
Who is Thucydides?
This ideal was paradoxically the greatest challenge to, but also the greatest asset for early Christian Historians.
What is the "education of mankind?"
Lorenzo Valla used these to find anachronisms in historical documents.
What are external and internal criticisms?
Gerog Hegel said this idea was a historical leap forward that produced its own antithesis.
What is dialetic?
He received ire from orthodox Marxists for proposing Marx's view of history would be gradual instead of sudden.
Who is Eduard Bernstein?
Wrote history in a pragmatic manner and did so to better the state.
Who is Polybius?
St. Augustine wrote this to refudiate the historical distinction between Christianity and Rome.
What is The City of God?
Flavio Biondo's antiquarianism sought to accomplish this.
What is reconstruct the past over providing a lesson?
Leopold von Ranke proposed this idea as a way to see God in history without it having an ultimate goal.
What is the Holy Hieroglyph?
He was a French historian that advocated for Total History, a history using social sciences.
Who is Marc Bloch?
Like others of his time, he disregarded cyclical history in favor of civic minded history.
Who is Tacitus?
Isedore of Seville's Etymologies attempted to do this.
What is create a universal sacred-secular history?
He argued that reason alone and its associated sciences could render truth from history.
Who is Giambattista Vico?
He proposed a lack of equal development of reason was why some cultures progressed faster than others.
Who is Voltaire?
Fernand Braudel proposed these three factors changed in history but at different rates.
Falvious Josephus reintroduced this concept into the historical narrative, not widely considered since Homer.
What is divinely guided history?
These were originally written by monks, and used to help the univeralization of Christian and Secular history.
What are Annals
He proposed world history is a progression of one society teaching another and then is conquered by their student society.
Who is Immanuel Kant?
Johann Gottfried Herder said this was the central unit of history rather than a nation-state.
What is the Volk?
Robert W. Fogel was a pioneer in this historic theory that was named after the muse of history in Greek mythology.
What is Cliometrics?