Changes to the Party
Use of Terror (Purges)
Show Trials
Gulags
Propaganda & Censorship
100
How many party congresses are held from 1934-53?
2
100
Identify 2 punishments given to those who were purged
Executed, imprisoned or exiled.
100
Where were the show trials held?
Moscow
100
Define a Gulag
Prison/labour camp system
100
Stalin was portrayed as the "Man of "
Steel
200
M. McCauley – “Stalin becomes the of the nation, he is above the , indeed he is above everyone…”
What are the missing words?
Father & Party
200
What was the catalyst which led to the purges under Stalin?
Stalin used the death of Kirov as a pretext to launch the purges and find those responsible for his death.
200
How did the Show Trials/Purges negatively impact Russia in WW2?
Purging of the army left them unprepared for WW2 (little experienced military leadership remaining).
200
Name one notable gulag used during Stalin's time? (spelling matters!)
Magadan, Vorkuta, Norilsk, Kolyma, Chelyabinsk, Karaganda.
200
What was a notable way in which Stalin used censorship?
Falsification of photographs.
300
What were the key aims of Stalin's constitution? (1 reason needed)
To stress the party's primacy and legitimise its authority (and that of Stalin as its leader).
300
What years did the Great Purge occur in?
1936, 37 and 38.
300
Which three key groups were targeted in the Show Trials?
Common people, the Army and members of The Party.
300
How much do historians believe this forced labour accounted for in the Russian economy in the 1930’s?
12-15%
300
This image represents which aspect of propaganda used by Stalin?
Cult of Personality
400
What year did Stalin introduce the new constitution?
1936
400
Who were the NKVD and what role did they play?
The secret police - they carried out the campaign of terror by arresting, torturing and punishing those who were purged.
400
How many public show trials were held during this period?
Three
400
How did propaganda portray the Gulags?
As rehabilitation centres to re-educate enemies of the state through corrective labour.
400
Give four examples of mediums used in Stalin's propaganda campaign.
Plays, novels, poems, art, sculptures, media e.g. film, newspapers, posters, demonstrations, rallies.
500
How does Stalin transform the Party to benefit himself? Provide at least 2 reasons.
Limits the amount of congresses (less say of the Party members)
Expands the power of the Party using the consitition (essentially his own power as leader)
Constitution also legitimised the Party as true leaders of Russia (led by Stalin)
Appointing/removing party members from key positions
He himself takes on increasing roles to control the day-to-day running of the bureaucratic structures in the Party.
500
Identify 3 impacts of the purges under Stalin.
Drove political transformation in the party (Old Bolsheviks are out).
Reduced opposition to Stalin and cemented his position as leader.
Massive loss of life.
Media campaigns are used as a tool to create distrust amongst the people.
Atmosphere of fear/distrust in Russia.
Nature of secret police changes.
Non- Russian groups targeted + Russification policies.
500
How did Stalin use the show trials to further his own agenda? Provide 3 key reasons.
To effect massive social change in The Party (put those he favoured in power)
Removed opposition to Stalin's leadership.
Provided Stalin with scapegoats for his failed policies (e.g. 5 year plans)
Spread distrust/fear in Russia - the people were more compliant out of fear.
500
What was 'Gulag' an acronym for? (English translation).
“Main Administration of Corrective Labour Camps”
500
Identify four impacts of Stalin's use of propaganda and censorship:
To change the historical record in Russia
To hide the fact that the Stalinist revolution in Russia was based on repression/terror
To emphasise a close relationship between Stalin and Lenin.
Increase loyalty to Stalin
Increase Stalin's control in Russia/USSR
Present Stalin as a key figure in the history of the Bolsheviks
To promote his image to the Russian people.