Foreign policy and Expansion
Which U.S. foreign policy in 1823 warned European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere?
The Monroe Doctrine
What 1820 agreement maintained the balance of free and slave states in Congress?
The Missouri Compromise
Which invention expanded cotton production and deepened Southern dependence on slavery?
The cotton gin
Which Supreme Court case declared that enslaved people were not citizens and had no rights under the Constitution?
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Which regions most disliked the War of 1812 and why?
Which early U.S. foreign policy/President advised Americans to avoid permanent alliances with European nations?
Washington’s Farewell Address
What principle was behind Southern claims that a state could reject a federal law it opposed?
Nullification
What change did Southern legislatures make in response to Nat Turner’s Rebellion?
Passed stricter slave codes limiting enslaved people’s freedoms
What was the main principle at stake in Worcester v. Georgia (1832)?
Whether states had authority over Native American nations
The Marshall Court consistently expanded the power of which level of government?
The federal Authority
The idea of Manifest Destiny most directly led to debates over what major national issue?
The expansion of slavery into new territories
Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act increase sectional tensions?
It allowed popular sovereignty, overturning the Missouri Compromise
What was the broader reform trend reflected in penitentiary and public education reform?
The belief that society could be improved through reform movements
How did the Emancipation Proclamation expand the role of the federal government?
It used federal executive power to redefine slavery as a war issue
The ideals of natural rights, liberty, and separation came from what time period?
The Enlightenment
How did the U.S. victory in the Mexican-American War intensify sectional conflict?
New land raised disputes over whether slavery would expand west
According to secession documents, what institution was the central cause of division between North and South?
Slavery
How did the women’s rights movement of the 1840s connect to other antebellum reforms?
It grew out of reform movements like abolition and temperance
Why did Congress pass the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871?
To give the federal government power to stop racial violence and protect rights
How was the acceptance of federalism a turning point in the relationship between individuals and government during the period 1607–1800?
It established a stronger central government that could enforce laws and protect rights, unlike the loose authority under the Articles of Confederation.
Why was the Monroe Doctrine more of a symbolic statement in 1823 than an enforceable foreign policy?
The U.S. lacked the military/naval power to enforce it
Why was “Bleeding Kansas” seen as a preview of the Civil War?
It showed violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups
Why did the Emancipation Proclamation shift the goals of the Civil War?
It made ending slavery a central Union war aim, not just preserving the Union
How did Radical Republicans argue Congressional Reconstruction upheld founding ideals?
By securing liberty and equality for freed people through constitutional amendments
To what extent were the colonists justified in resisting British policies after the French and Indian War?
Colonists were largely justified, as Enlightenment ideals and the slogan “No taxation without representation” challenged Britain’s violation of their political rights.