4.1
Why was Congress able to pass the Pacific Railway Act?
What is a surplus?
Amount left over
What was the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
Outlawed monopolies, eliminated unfair business practices
How did the public view labor unions?
Radical and socialist
Where did most immigrants settle in the U.S.?
cities in the Northeast
What caused the Indian Wars?
American settlements/land
What is laissez-faire?
Government’s policy of hands-off the free market
What is Social Darwinism?
the theory that only the fittest survive (applied to people and businesses)
What limited the growth of labor unions?
employers typically hated labor unions and were hostile towards workers who tried to organize
Why did most immigrants support political machines?
Because they provided jobs, housing, etc.
How did the Transcontinental Railroad create a national market?
Allowed faster travel of people and goods from East to West.
What anti-immigration act did the U.S. pass to limit immigration from a specific country to the U.S.?
Chinese Exclusion Act
Why were people like Rockefeller and Carnegie sometimes called robber barons?
they used cruel business practices against their competition
How did the government respond to strikes?
the courts issued injunctions to stop the strikes
How were “new immigrants” different from “old immigrants”?
They were seen as culturally different from “old immigrants” (dressed differently, looked differently, spoke differently)
What was the purpose of the Homestead Act?
encouraged settlements in the West
How did the government encourage settlements in the West?
Gave land grants to railroad companies to encourage construction
What is a monopoly?
when a business is the only supplier of a certain product
Why did farmers support bimetallism?
What did Jane Addams establish?
established settlement houses that helped the poor
What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
to assimilate Native Americans to American culture
Why was immigration not restricted before 1880?
Because industry owners wanted a cheap labor force
What is horizontal integration?
When a company buys out all competition (like if QT bought Circle K, Shell, and BP)
Which of the Populist Party’s aims was achieved?
Direct election of Senators and graduated income tax
How were the Progressive presidents (Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson) different from past presidents?
Their ideas on laissez-faire economic practices - they got more involved with business and the economy than past presidents