Form the progressive verb tenses
Commas with nonrestrictive elements
Use semicolons and commas to separate clauses
100

Present tense:

"Ben (swim) in the last lane on the right," Julia pointed out to her mom, who had missed the first part of the swim meet.

"Ben is swimming in the last lane on the right," Julia pointed out to her mom, who had missed the first part of the swim meet.

100

Insert a comma where needed:

At its height, the Inca Empire which controlled some twelve million people was the largest empire in the world.

At its height, the Inca Empire, which controlled some twelve million people, was the largest empire in the world.

100

In 1958, a landslide following an earthquake created a wave one hundred feet high in Alaska's Lituya Bay _  moreover, the wave snapped trees nearly two thousand feet upslope and killed five people.

In 1958, a landslide following an earthquake created a wave one hundred feet high in Alaska's Lituya Bay;  moreover, the wave snapped trees nearly two thousand feet upslope and killed five people.

200

Present tense:

A recent study shows that American adults (consume) fewer calories and eating out less. That decline is being hailed as a victory in the fight against obesity.

A recent study shows that American adults are consuming fewer calories and eating out less. That decline is being hailed as a victory in the fight against obesity.

200

Insert a comma where needed:

Aboard the double-decker bus, a tour guide rhapsodized about London's storied history. His lecture an enthralling and unscripted monologue made passengers feel as though they were traveling through time.

Aboard the double-decker bus, a tour guide rhapsodized about London's storied history. His lecture, an enthralling and unscripted monologue, made passengers feel as though they were traveling through time.

200

Science fiction writer Ray Bradbury once dined at director Alfred Hitchcock's home _ the eccentric Hitchcock served a meal consisting entirely of purple food.

Science fiction writer Ray Bradbury once dined at director Alfred Hitchcock's home; the eccentric Hitchcock served a meal consisting entirely of purple food.

300

Past tense:

We (submit) our application for a bank loan when the computer system crashed. Unfortunately, we hadn't saved our work, so when everything was back up and running, we had to start the application again from scratch.

We were submitting our application for a bank loan when the computer system crashed. Unfortunately, we hadn't saved our work, so when everything was back up and running, we had to start the application again from scratch.

300

Insert a comma where needed:

Formula Translation which is often called just FORTRAN was the computer programming language of choice from the 1950's to the 1970's.

Formula Translation, which is often called just FORTRAN, was the computer programming language of choice from the 1950's to the 1970's.

300

Before Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin came up with the name Google for their search technology _ they were calling it BackRub.

Before Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin came up with the name Google for their search technology, they were calling it BackRub.

400

Present tense:

Jon (celebrate) the achievement of a personal milestone: running the Napa Valley Marathon, a race that takes runners through miles of mustard fields and vineyards.

Jon is celebrating the achievement of a personal milestone: running the Napa Valley Marathon, a race that takes runners through miles of mustard fields and vineyards.

400

Insert a comma where needed:

Due to its time zone, American Samoa which lies in the South Pacific Ocean is among the last places to celebrate the New Year.

Due to its time zone, American Samoa, which lies in the South Pacific Ocean, is among the last places to celebrate the New Year.

400

After Chase visited his aunt in Buffalo _ he couldn't stop talking about the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, home to one of the best modern art collections in the country

After Chase visited his aunt in Buffalo, he couldn't stop talking about the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, home to one of the best modern art collections in the country

500

Past tense:

Trees (die) and the city's arborists suspected that the flatheaded appletree borer, a notorious pest in that area, was to blame.

Trees were dying and the city's arborists suspected that the flatheaded appletree borer, a notorious pest in that area, was to blame.

500

Insert a comma where needed:

Ken who is adept at repairing broken electronics refused to disassemble and inspect his sister's glitchy laptop; instead, he advised her to buy a new one.

Ken, who is adept at repairing broken electronics, refused to disassemble and inspect his sister's glitchy laptop; instead, he advised her to buy a new one.

500

The Chelsea Hotel wasn't always a hotel frequented by writers, artists, actors, and musicians _ it was a cooperative apartment complex in New York until 1905.

The Chelsea Hotel wasn't always a hotel frequented by writers, artists, actors, and musicians; it was a cooperative apartment complex in New York until 1905.

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