Selecting Judges
Who nominates judges to serve on federal courts?
The President
Which court has the final authority on constitutional questions?
The Supreme Court
What case established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
Most cases reach the Supreme Court through what process?
Appeals from lower courts
What is judicial activism?
When judges make decisions that shape new policies
Which group in Congress reviews and holds hearings for judicial nominees?
The Senate Judiciary Committee
What does “jurisdiction” mean?
The power to hear a case
Who was the Chief Justice in Marbury v. Madison?
John Marshall
What must at least four justices agree to before a case is heard?
To issue a writ of certiorari
What is judicial restraint?
When judges follow the law and avoid making new policy
Before a federal judge can serve, what must happen?
The Senate must approve the nominee
What type of jurisdiction lets a court hear a case for the first time?
Original jurisdiction
Judicial review gives the courts the power to do what?
Declare laws unconstitutional
What is a majority opinion?
The written explanation of the Court’s decision and reasoning
Which amendment protects from unreasonable searches and seizures?
The 4th Amendment
Why do federal judges serve for life?
To keep them independent from politics
When can the Supreme Court review decisions made by lower courts?
When using appellate jurisdiction
What effect did Marbury v. Madison have on the government’s power structure?
It made the courts equal in power to the other branches
What is a dissenting opinion?
An opinion written by justices who disagree with the majority
Which amendment gives the right to remain silent?
The 5th Amendment
Give one example of a Supreme Court nominee who was not confirmed and explain why.
Example: Robert Bork (rejected for his views on civil rights and privacy)
Which type of case is most likely to be heard in a federal court?
A lawsuit between citizens from different states
Why is judicial review important for citizens?
It protects constitutional rights from being violated by laws or executive actions
How can a Supreme Court decision be changed?
By another Court decision or a constitutional amendment
How is a civil case different from a criminal case?
Civil = disputes between people/businesses; Criminal = government prosecutes someone for breaking a law