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What are the 4 fundamental forces that were created from the Big Bang?
Gravitational, Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic
Describe the Gravitational force
Bending space-time by mass and causes objects to fall towards each other. This also includes Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Describe the Strong force
Holds an atomic nucleus together, attractions of hadrons to other hadrons (protons and neutrons), and only works over very very very short distances
Describe the Weak force
Causes nuclear decay and radiation is released as a proton is cnverted to a neutron
Describe of the Electromagnetic force
Atrraction and replusion of charges (like charges repel). It also is opposite charge attraction, + and -, North and South
What elements were created from the Big Bang?
Hydrogen and Helium
What caused stars to be able to form after the Big Bang? Why didn't all matter just continue spreading out?
Hydrogen and Helium created the stars. The elements are inside the stars and the pressure and temperatures made it increase. Gravity is the main reason why the matter didn’t spread out. It pulled it all together to build stars. Also, there were tiny differences in the density of matter after the big bang caused this to happen.
What is the fundamental force that holds stars together?
Gravitational force
What force keeps the star from collapsing in on itself?
Nuclear fusion
How many years after the Big Bang did the first star s form?
150 - 200 million years
Describe Nuclear fusion
Write an essay
What are the 3 pieces of evidence that tells us that elements are made within stars?
When we look out into our universe, we see the stars that are in all of their phases of their lives.
Spectral analysis tells us what thee stars are made out of.
Experiments, they tell us how much energy is required to do fusion and how much is released when it happens.
High mass stars create layers of elemental fusion inside of it because it goes through its fuel quickly due to the intense gravity. They also fuse through iron so they can’t support them selves anymore and will eventually collapse and then explode. The intense gravity explosion then creates all of the other elements in the Universe.
Why don't we see particle accelerators / nuclear reators occuring naturally on Earth?
Sense the large atoms are very unstable, it rapidly decays into smaller atoms and some have half-lives (less than 1 second). Because of this, we can’t find them naturally even though they are stars.
What is in the nucleaus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
What is around the atom?
Electrons
What does the HR diagram tell us?
It tells us the brightness (luminosity + energy outputs), the temperature, the life cycle of stars, a star’s distance, chemical composition, and a star’s characteristics.
Why are more massive stars hotter?
Because the bigger the star, the more energy it has, so that would mean the star is hotter.
What is the relationship between temperature, size, and luminosity of stars?
The more bright (luminosity) a star is, the more hotter (tempurature) it is, and the hotter it is, the bigger (size) it is. Also, the more mass a star has, the hotter it is. The bigger the radius of a star is, the more luminous it will be.
What is plasma and what are its properties?
Plasma is ionized gas and it makes up almost everything (it is known as an entirely state of matter). The properties of plasma are that is has no fixed volume or shape and are less thick than liquids or solids.
How does plasma from the sun interact with the Earth?
The Sun’s plasma is so hot, it breaks the sun’s atmosphere then shines into the Earth’s atmosphere. Plasma from the sun is released and then gets caught in out magnetic field. Sometimes it causes and magnetic field to change shape or size.
How do the aurorae form the Northern and Southern Lights?
Plasma from the sun travels to Earth via the solar wind and then interacts with our magnetic field and atomsphere to cause gasses in the atmosphere to glow (Southern and Northern Lights).
What is Sammi's favorite Christmas movie?
The Grinch (Jim Carray one)
What is Sammi's favorite unique animal?
Red panda
What is Sammi's favorite Christmas tradition?
Baking Christmas goodies