Ancient Times and Nomads
This material was used to make the very first tools during the earliest period of human history.
stone
He was the powerful leader who united the Mongol tribes and started a massive empire in the early 1200s.
Genghis Khan
These two sultans are the legendary founders of the Kazakh Khanate in the year 1465
Kerey and Janibek
This is the name of the portable, felt-covered house that nomads moved from place to place.
Yurta (Yurt)
In this year, Kazakhstan officially became an independent and sovereign country.
1991
These ancient people were called "Asian Scythians" by the Greek historian Herodotus.
Sakas
After the Mongol Empire was divided, this state (also called the Ulus of Jochi) ruled over the Kazakh steppes for a long time
Golden Horde
Under this leader, the Kazakh population reached 1 million people, and he created a famous set of laws.
Kasym Khan
This traditional nomadic drink is made from fermented mare’s milk and is still popular today.
Kumis
This man was elected as the first President of independent Kazakhstan on December 1, 1991
Nursultan Nazarbayev
This famous Sakas queen is well-known for leading her people in battle and defeating the Persian King Cyrus
Queen Tomiris
This city in southern Kazakhstan was famously destroyed by Genghis Khan’s army after a local governor killed his traders
Otrar
The Kazakh people were traditionally split into these three large groups: the Senior, Middle, and Junior
Juzes
This 19th-century educator opened some of the first schools for Kazakh children and wrote a famous alphabet book
Ibrai Altynsarin?
This is the name of the national currency that was introduced to replace the Russian ruble in 1993
Tenge
This ancient tribe lived in the "Seven Rivers" region (Semirechye), and their leader held the title "Kun-bag."
Wusun
This was the name for the official assembly of Mongol leaders used to make big decisions, like electing a new Khan
Kurultai
This Khan is famous for creating the "Zheti Zhargy" (Seven Laws), which helped bring peace between different tribes
Tauke Khan
He is the most famous Kazakh poet and thinker, known for his "Words of Wisdom" and for translating Russian literature
Abai Kunanbayev
He became a national hero in 1991 by becoming the first Kazakh person to fly into space
Toktar Aubakirov
Archaeologists found a "Golden Man" in this famous burial mound near Almaty, which included a beautiful red leather hat.
Issyk Mound (Issyk Kurgan)
This grandson of Genghis Khan led a "seven-year march" to conquer parts of Europe and Russia
Batu Khan
This city became the permanent capital of the Kazakh Khanate in the 1600s and is still a holy site today
Turkestan (Yassy)
These are ancient rock drawings found in the mountains that show how early people lived and hunted
petroglyphs
In 1991, the government officially closed this location, which had been used for years to test nuclear weapons
Semipalatinsk Test Site (or Semey Polygon)