I am a Local!
The largest territorial division for local government within a state of the U.S.
County
refers to the proclivity of former members of congressmen becoming lobbyists themselves.
Revolving Door
According to the article "Institutions and Representational Roles in American State Legislatures", If a representative faces term limits and is elected as a first-time representative, then this will directly affect their willingness to become THIS rather than THIS
Trustee; Delegate
is a theory that suggests that partisan polarization in Congress has discouraged ideological moderates in the political pipeline from pursuing a congressional career
Party Fit
Controversial issues placed for a public vote via the initiative or referendum process by one political party or group, with the goal of dividing candidates and supporters of a rival party or group
Wedge Issue
Set rules about the powers of local officials, the conduct of elections, and other matters.
Charter
refers to when a lobbyist, or the interest they represent, hosts a social even for the chance to influence members of Congress
Social Lobbying
According to the article, "Conflicted Interests: State lawmakers often blur the line between the public’s business and their own" If there is a vote that may indirectly benefit a legislator’s business, then state legislators often then will not declare THIS
conflict of interest.
Suggests that we can get dramatic policy change when the conditions are right.
Punctuated Equilibrium
These types of elections disadvantage minority voters at the local level.
At-Large Elections
According to THIS states may be seen as having powers beyond those listed in the U.S. Constitution, local governments have only those powers explicitly granted to them by a state.
Dillion's Rule
An artificial campaign orchestrated by an interest group to appear as though it is growing naturally from the grassroots.
Astroturf Campaign
According to the article, "Funding Mechanisms and Policy Instruments: How Business Campaign Contributions Influence Congressional Votes," If Legislators want to gain campaign contributions from lobbyists then they will focus their votes to THIS
less visible areas.
refers to the ways, or tactics, to pursue a strategy that rewards businesses that distribute money to a legislator without the legislator being punished in the next election
Tactical Rationality
Drawing boundaries for legislative districts on the basis of race.
Racial Gerrymandering
This refers to state legislative districts, and many local councils, that have more than one representative elected per district.
Multimember districts
refers to an individual either a former congressional member turned lobbyist or an experienced lobbyist who manages fundraising events
Experienced Fundraiser
According to article "How Party Bosses, Not Voters, Pick Candidates in New York," If a special election is called after a legislator steps down from the office, then THIS will happen.
Party bosses and party officials are MORE LIKELY to chose the successor.
Refers to the government being excessively deferential to groups, treating virtually all pressure group demands as legitimate and seeing the job of government as to advance them all.
Hyper-Pluralism
is a form of interactive marketing in which political operatives try to sway voters to believe in certain policies or candidates under the guise of an opinion poll
Push Poll
The power of the state and local governments to appropriate private property, typically for a public purpose.
Eminent Domain
The spread of groups in a state across social and economic realms.
Interest group system diversity
According to the article "Impacts of Early Childhood Education on Medium- and Long-Term Educational Outcomes," If children are entered into early childhood education programs (ECEs), then they will have a lower likelihood of THIS
needing special education, have lower grade retention (which means they will be held back a grade), and are more likely to graduate high school
This created a modern civil service for the federal government. This made it more difficult for politicians to place their supporters in federal government jobs
Pendleton Act
vote to remove an elected official from public office.
Recall