Americas
A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. Restores nutrients to the soil to improve crop yields. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe.
What is the three-field system?
A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E.
What is the Great Zimbabwe?
Chinese dynasty (960 - 1279 CE) that could be considered their "golden age" when China saw many important inventions. There was a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with India and Persia; paper money, gun powder
What is the Song Dynasty?
a premier intellectual center during the Islamic Golden Age (8th-13th centuries), functioning as a library, translation institute, and academy under the Abbasid Caliphate
What is the Baghdad House of Wisdom?
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
What is feudalism?
economic system in Inca society where people paid taxes with their labor and what they produced; men and women were expected to contribute this labor to the state yearly
What is the Mit'a system?
distinct, Christian-led kingdom in East Africa that maintained its identity despite the rapid spread of Islam in the region, hierarchial power structure
What is Ethiopia?
The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi.
What is the Delhi Sultanate?
(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Muslim could be a part of.
What is the Abbasid Caliphate?
A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule; ultimately spread culture and increased trade but were not successful
What are the Crusades?
The dominant center of an important Mississippi valley mound-building culture, located near present-day St. Louis, Missouri; flourished from about 900 to 1250 C.E.
What is Cahokia?
a collection of independent, affluent city-states along the East African coast that acted as crucial commercial intermediaries in the Indian Ocean trade network, connecting African interior goods with Arabian, Persian, and Asian markets. [1, 2, 3]
What are Swahili Civilizations?
The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief.
What is Neo-Confucianism?
"Great Vehicle" branch of Buddhism followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia. The focus is on reverence for Buddha and for Bodhisattva, enlightened persons who have postponed Nirvana to help others attain enlightenment. It was a more "user friendly" Buddhism that developed as Buddhism spread into East and Southeast Asia.
What is Mahayana Buddhism?
the organizing economic and social principle of medieval Europe where rural land was managed through self sufficient estates called manors.
a dominant Mesoamerican civilization (c. 1345–1521) in central Mexico, formed by a Triple Alliance of city-states led by Tenochtitlan
What is the Aztec Empire?
Replaced Ghana, became fabulously wealthy through trade control, and adopted Islam. Mansa Musa was famous here.
What is Mali?
In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.
What is filial piety?
An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.
What is the Bhakti Movement?
in 1054, divided medieval Christianity into (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Relations between East and West had long been embittered by political and ecclesiastical differences and theological disputes.
What is the Great Schism?
Classical culture in Southern Mexico and Central America; contemporary with Teotihuacan; extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendar system, mathematical system
What are Maya city states?
The first major West African trading empire; known as the "land of gold.
Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency
What is flying money?
Turkic empire ruled by sultans in Persia and modern-day
"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome; began in Florence, Italy and spread throughout Europe
What is the Renaissance?