Sanitation and Infection Control
Toxins are ______________ produced by some microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses.
poisonous substances
What is considered the ideal face shape for both men and women?
Oval
What ingredient swells the cuticle and the cortex?
Ammonia
What is the natural pH of the hair and skin?
4.5-5.5
What is the acronym for Ammonium Thioglycolate?
ATG
What disorder results in the abnormal growth of hair?
hypertrichosis
What is a wet set?
hair is washed and styled wet, using rollers, product, or other combinations of items in order to get a longer hold and firm set on the hair
Which government oversees workplace safety?
OSHA
Elevation controls what dimension of the hair?
Height, vertical
In a lightener virgin application, subsections should be _____" thick.
1/8
What does COHNS stand for?
Carbon, oxygen hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur
Virgin relaxers start from _____ from the scalp, and retouch relaxers start from _______.
1/2", 1/4"
What is the technical term for split ends?
trichoptilosis
What is natural styling?
Styling that focuses on the natural curl form
What is the difference between Disinfection and Sterilization?
Disinfection destroys most but not all microbial life, sterilization destroys all microbial life including spores.
Stationary guide, over directing
Level is the ____________, Saturation is __________, and Underlying tone is ___________.
measure of how light or dark the hair is, the concentration of pigment in a color, the color revealed as the hair is lightened
What are the 3 bonds of the hair?
hydrogen, salt, disulfide
Give an example of physical and chemical manipulation for both a perm and a relaxer
physical: rolling the perm, manipulating the hair straight. Chemical: perm solution and neutralizer, hydroxide or no lye relaxer
What is the technical term for dandruff?
pityriasis
What kind of brush has opening that allow for airflow and allows for more natural styling?
Vent brush
What are the two most common parasites found in the barbershop or salon?
lice, scabies
What is a variation of the businessman's cut?
taper cut
What is the underlying tone at a level 7? How would you neutralize it?
Yellow Orange, Violet Blue
Name the three layers of the hair and their functions
cuticle- protective outer layer, cortex- contains the proteins, bonds, melanin in the hair, medulla- fine hair does not have this
Name 3 different perm wraps
spiral, bricklay, conquiglione, loop rod perm, double back
What are the two forms of barbers itch?
tinea barbae (fungal), folliculitis barbae (bacterial)
What is a round brush used for, and how does size effect result?
Volume, curl, smaller round brush gives tighter curl and more volume, larger roundbrush gives fuller curl and less volume
In the SDS, Accidental Release Measures would cover what information?
emergency procedures, protective equipment, proper methods of containment and cleanup
What are the five elements of design?
Form, proportion, balance, design texture, color
What kind of bowl can NOT be used for mixing color or lightener?
metal bowl
The scalp is made of the same skin as the rest of your body except for ____________
it is thicker to support longer hair follicles
What are the 3 ingredients in a curl reformation?
Rearranger, Booster, Neutralizer
What is characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp?
tinea favosa
What are safety precautions for thermal irons and blow dryers?
temperature regulation, not burning the scalp, thermal protectants for the hair
Name the 6 types of bacteria
Bacilli, cocci, diplococci, staphylococci, streptcocci, spirilla
A graduation is cut at ______ degrees, a blunt cut is cut at ______ degrees, uniform layers are cut at ______ degrees, and concave layers are cut at _______ degrees.
45, 0, 90, 180
What are the 4 color classifications?
temporary, semi permanent, demi permanent, permanent
What are the 3 growth cycles of hair?
Anagen, Catagen, Telogen
What is the difference between a keratin smoothing treatment and a relaxer?
KST is not permanent, relaxer is permanent
What bacteria causes folliculitis? What is it called when an ingrown hair is NOT infected?
staphylococci, psuedofolliculitis
What are the 8 parts of a consultation?
texture, porosity, elasticity, curl pattern, density, condition, length, scalp health