Drug Concepts
What is tolerance?
A diminished response to a drug, meaning a person needs more of it to experience the same effect
Depressants
During which sleep stage might a person experience the sensation of falling or suddenly jer an arm or leg while transitioning from wakefulness to sleep? What is that sensation called?
NREM Stage 1; hypnagogic sensations
Which theory suggests that dreams arise as the brain tries to make sense of random neural activity?
Activation synthesis theory
What sleep disorder involves persistent difficulty falling asleep?
Insomnia
After taking the same dose of a medication for several weeks, Maya notices that it no longer has the same effect. She needs a higher dose to feel the original effect. What is she experiencing?
Tolerance
Caffeine increases alterness and neural activity. Which category does caffine belong to?
Stimulants
In which sleep stage are large, slow delta waves associated with deep sleep, and sleepwalking may occur? What is the correct term for sleepwalking?
NREM Stage 4; somnombulism
A person with damage to the visual cortex says they cannot see an object but can still respond to its location more accurately than chance. What phenomenon is this?
Blindsight
A person snores loudly, repeatedly stops breathing during sleep, and feels exhausted during the day. What disorder is this?
Sleep apnea
Jordan suddenly stops using an addictive substance and experiences sweating, headaches, irritability, and difficulty sleeping. What is this called?
Withdrawal
Which category of psychoactive drugs causes distorted perceptions of reality? Give an example drug.
Hallucinogens; marijuana, mushrooms, acid, etc.
What does REM stand for and what is the main feature of this sleep stage?
Rapid eye movement; vivid dreaming occurs while the brain is still active and the body is paralyzed
After several nights of inadequate sleep, a student experiences longer or more frequent REM periods when finally getting enough rest. What is this phenomenon called?
REM rebound
Which sleep disorder involves excessive daytime sleepiness and episodes of suddenly falling asleep?
Narcolepsy
A person continues seeking and using a drug even though it is damaging their relationships, health, and daily life. What concept best describes this behavior?
Addiction
After drinking alcohol, Taylor becomes more talkative and less inhibited, but her reaction time slows and her memory is affected. Why is alcohol still classified as a depressant?
Alcohol slows brain and central nervous system activity; its reduction of inhibitions can make a person appear more outgoing
Which type of brain waves are associated with deep sleep and restorative process? Which type is associated with a relaxed, awake state?
Delta waves; alpha waves
What is the name of the bodys natural 24 hour sleep wake cycle?
Circadian rhythm
A sleeping person punches, kicks, or shouts while acting out the events of a dream. Which sleep disorder does this describe?
REM sleep behavior disorder
Alex needs more of a drug to achieve the same effect, feels sich after suddenly stopping it, and continues using it despite serious negative consequences. Identify the three concepts demonstrated.
Tolerance, withdrawal, and addiction
Classify each substance: alcohol, caffenine, heroin, amphetamines, and marijuana
Alcohol - depressant
Caffeine - stimulant
Heroin - opiod (depressant)
Amphetamines - stimulant
Marijuana - hallucinogen
Name the hormone that increases hunger and the hormone that suppresses hunger
Grehlin - increase
Leptin - decrease
Name two effects of sleep deprivation
Irritability, impaired memory or learning, slower reaction time, increased hunger, increased cortisol, increased blood pressure, weakened immune function, or hallucinations
Information processing theory