level 1
what is a state of matter
One of the four principal conditions in which matter exists—solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. See also phase.
what is a solid
a substance which exists in the solid-state, which is one of the four fundamental states of matter.
what is a liquid
a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure.
what is a gas
a substance that is in a gaseous, or vaporous, state of matter.
what is a plasma
Plasma is superheated matter – so hot that the electrons are ripped away from the atoms forming an ionized gas.
what are the three primary states of matter
solid; liquid and gas.
what is vaporization and what are its two types?
evaporation and boiling
can matter change from one state to another? if so, how?
by change in temperature and pressure.
how do changes in the arrangement and motion of particles occur during phase transitions?
As the solid substance heats up, the particles start to vibrate more and more.
what is condensation, and under what conditions does it occur?
the process through which the physical state of matter changes from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase.
how does freezing differ from melting?
freezing occurs when a liquid is cooled and turns to a solid.
can matter transition directly from a gas to a solid? if so, what is this process called?
deposition (also called desublimation),
what is sublimation?
The change of the solid state of the matter directly on heating to vapor state (without becoming liquid)
What is an example of Bose-Einstein condensate matter?
lightning. aurorae. the excited low-pressure gas inside neon signs and fluorescent lights. solar wind.
what is the plasma, and how does it differ from the other states of matter?
a soup of positively charged particles (ions) and negatively charged particles (electrons).
how does pressure affect the state of matter?
when pressure is applied on gas, it compresses to liquid and when pressure is increased on liquid, it becomes solid.
how do phase diagrams help us understand the relationships between
phase-transition temperatures and pressures.
how do particles behave in each state of matter?
gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds. liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other. solid vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place.
how do intermolecular forces influence the properties of different states of matter?
Melting, boiling, and freezing points increase as intermolecular forces increase. Vapor pressure decreases as intermolecular forces increase.
what are the properties of an amorphous solid, and how do they differ from those of a crystalline solid?
irregular internal atomic structures, and as a result have a much more swirly and irregular-looking exterior form.
can you describe the characteristics of each state of matter
A solid has definite volume and shape, a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape, and a gas has neither a definite volume nor shape.
what is the process called when a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first?
Sublimation
how does temperature affect the state of matter?
As the temperature of a solid, liquid or gas increases, the particles move more rapidly. As the temperature falls, the particles slow down.
can you provide examples of substances that can exist in all three states of matter?
solid water as ice, liquid water in a water fountain, and gaseous water as steam
what is the difference between a solid, a liquid, and a gas at the molecular level
gas are well separated with no regular arrangement. liquid are close together with no regular arrangement. solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.